Y.Estrin,A.Vinogradov/Acta Materialia 61 (2013)782-817 785 Table 1 (continued) Process Schematic illustration Equivalent strain Ref. (g)Rotary-die ECAP ECAP equivalent [66 (h)Cyclic extrusion-compression terr N4In() [75] (CEC) N,number of cycles (i)Cyclic close-die forging (CCDF) teff =Nn(#) [76) N,number of cycles (k)Repetitive corrugation and teff =Nn(ts) [72] straightening(RCS) N.number of cycles Integrated processes (1)Integrated extrusion+ECAP [110,11 (m)Parallel channel ECAP (PC. ECAP equivalent [67] ECAP) Continuous processes (n)ECAP-Conform [37][120]Table 1 (continued) Process Schematic illustration Equivalent strain Ref. (g) Rotary-die ECAP ECAP equivalent [66] (h) Cyclic extrusion–compression (CEC) eeff ¼ N4 lnðD d Þ N, number of cycles [75] (i) Cyclic close-die forging (CCDF) eeff ¼ N 2ffiffi 3 p lnðH W Þ N, number of cycles [76] (k) Repetitive corrugation and straightening (RCS) eeff ¼ N 4ffiffi 3 p lnð rþt rþ0:5t Þ N, number of cycles [72] Integrated processes (l) Integrated extrusion + ECAP [110,111] (m) Parallel channel ECAP (PC￾ECAP) ECAP equivalent [67] Continuous processes (n) ECAP- Conform [37] [120] Y. Estrin, A. Vinogradov / Acta Materialia 61 (2013) 782–817 785