工程科学学报.第43卷，第11期：1447-1458.2021年11月 Chinese Journal of Engineering,Vol.43,No.11:1447-1458,November 2021 https://doi.org/10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2021.03.03.003;http://cje.ustb.edu.cn 含Ti不锈钢冶金工艺进展 王启明，成国光⑧ 北京科技大学钢铁治金新技术国家重点实验室，北京100083 ☒通信作者，E-mait:chengguoguang@metall..ustb.edu.cn 摘要围绕含Ti不锈钢冶金工艺的研究进展，从冶金物理化学基础、氧化物和TN夹杂的形成与控制、凝固过程TN复合 核心和T元素对不锈钢铸件力学性能的影响等方面进行了总结和讨论.主要的研究进展为：含T不锈钢在冶炼过程生成的 AlO3、镁铝尖晶石、(MgO-Al2O3hCaO-TiO,等高熔点氧化物夹杂是导致含钛不锈钢连铸水口堵塞的主要原因：优化的 AI、Ca、Ti的添加方式和炉渣控制工艺是夹杂物减少和低熔点化的重要手段：TN夹杂的析出、扩散长大和碰撞聚合的基本 规律是关注的热点，钢液中大尺寸氧化物夹杂会促进TN团簇的形成；通过严格控制凝固过程TN或氧化物-TN复合核心能 够促进δF异质形核，提高连铸坯等轴晶率；固溶Ti元素能提高奥氏体或双相不锈钢中铁素体含量，提升不锈钢铸件的拉伸 性能. 关键词不锈钢：夹杂物：TN:凝固组织；形核核心 分类号TG142.71 Metallurgy development of Ti-stabilized stainless steel WANG Qi-ming,CHENG Guo-guang State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy,University of Science and Technology Beijing.Beijing 100083,China Corresponding author,E-mail:chengguoguang@metall.ustb.edu.cn ABSTRACT Titanium is widely used in the manufacture of stainless steel due to its stabilizing ability of carbon and nitrogen,the pinning effect on grain growth,and strengthening effect,which are contributed by the formation of Ti(C,N)with different compositions, sizes,and distributions.Due to the excellent corrosion resistance,formability,and mechanical properties,Ti-bearing stainless steel is widely applied to daily life and priority industries,including petroleum,aerospace,nuclear power,and transportation.However,complex inclusions can be formed after Ti addition in the metallurgy process.Moreover,those inclusions have adverse effects on the metallurgy and the quality of stainless steel,including the clogging of the submerged entry nozzle,layered defects,and surface defects.Therefore,it is important to develop the metallurgy of Ti-stabilized stainless steel.This paper discussed and concluded the investigation development of Ti-bearing stainless steel regarding the fundamentals of metallurgy,the formation and control of oxides and TiN,heterogeneous nucleation,and the influence of Ti on the mechanical properties of stainless steel.First,oxides with high melting points,including Al2O, spinel,and(MgO-Al2O3)ieCaO-TiO generally cause the clogging of the submerged entry nozzle in the Ti-bearing stainless steel. The optimized addition of Al,Ca,and Ti,as well as the control of slag.can decrease the amount of oxides with a high melting point. Second,the formation and growth of TiN and complex TiN inclusions happen during the cooling and the solidification of the titanium- stabilized stainless steel,which can collide and aggregate to form TiN clusters.Moreover,macro-oxides can promote the formation of TiN clusters.However,TiN or complex TiN inclusions can also work as heterogeneous nuclei for 8-Fe during the solidification of stainless steel and promote the generation of an equiaxed fine-grain structure.In addition to forming compounds,titanium can present as 收稿日期：2021-03-03 基金项目：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51874034)含 Ti 不锈钢冶金工艺进展 王启明，成国光苣 北京科技大学钢铁冶金新技术国家重点实验室, 北京 100083 苣通信作者， E-mail: chengguoguang@metall.ustb.edu.cn 摘    要    围绕含 Ti 不锈钢冶金工艺的研究进展，从冶金物理化学基础、氧化物和 TiN 夹杂的形成与控制、凝固过程 TiN 复合 核心和 Ti 元素对不锈钢铸件力学性能的影响等方面进行了总结和讨论. 主要的研究进展为：含 Ti 不锈钢在冶炼过程生成的 Al2O3、镁铝尖晶石、(MgO−Al2O3 )rich−CaO−TiOx 等高熔点氧化物夹杂是导致含钛不锈钢连铸水口堵塞的主要原因；优化的 Al、Ca、Ti 的添加方式和炉渣控制工艺是夹杂物减少和低熔点化的重要手段；TiN 夹杂的析出、扩散长大和碰撞聚合的基本 规律是关注的热点，钢液中大尺寸氧化物夹杂会促进 TiN 团簇的形成；通过严格控制凝固过程 TiN 或氧化物-TiN 复合核心能 够促进 δ-Fe 异质形核，提高连铸坯等轴晶率；固溶 Ti 元素能提高奥氏体或双相不锈钢中铁素体含量，提升不锈钢铸件的拉伸 性能. 关键词    不锈钢；夹杂物；TiN；凝固组织；形核核心 分类号    TG142.71 Metallurgy development of Ti-stabilized stainless steel WANG Qi-ming，CHENG Guo-guang苣 State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China 苣 Corresponding author, E-mail: chengguoguang@metall.ustb.edu.cn ABSTRACT    Titanium is widely used in the manufacture of stainless steel due to its stabilizing ability of carbon and nitrogen, the pinning effect on grain growth, and strengthening effect, which are contributed by the formation of Ti(C, N) with different compositions, sizes, and distributions. Due to the excellent corrosion resistance, formability, and mechanical properties, Ti-bearing stainless steel is widely applied to daily life and priority industries, including petroleum, aerospace, nuclear power, and transportation. However, complex inclusions can be formed after Ti addition in the metallurgy process. Moreover, those inclusions have adverse effects on the metallurgy and the quality of stainless steel, including the clogging of the submerged entry nozzle, layered defects, and surface defects. Therefore, it is important to develop the metallurgy of Ti-stabilized stainless steel. This paper discussed and concluded the investigation development of Ti-bearing stainless steel regarding the fundamentals of metallurgy, the formation and control of oxides and TiN, heterogeneous nucleation, and the influence of Ti on the mechanical properties of stainless steel. First, oxides with high melting points, including Al2O3 , spinel, and (MgO−Al2O3 )rich−CaO−TiOx , generally cause the clogging of the submerged entry nozzle in the Ti-bearing stainless steel. The optimized addition of Al, Ca, and Ti, as well as the control of slag, can decrease the amount of oxides with a high melting point. Second, the formation and growth of TiN and complex TiN inclusions happen during the cooling and the solidification of the titanium￾stabilized stainless steel, which can collide and aggregate to form TiN clusters. Moreover, macro-oxides can promote the formation of TiN clusters. However, TiN or complex TiN inclusions can also work as heterogeneous nuclei for δ-Fe during the solidification of stainless steel and promote the generation of an equiaxed fine-grain structure. In addition to forming compounds, titanium can present as 收稿日期: 2021−03−03 基金项目: 国家自然科学基金资助项目（51874034） 工程科学学报，第 43 卷，第 11 期：1447−1458，2021 年 11 月 Chinese Journal of Engineering, Vol. 43, No. 11: 1447−1458, November 2021 https://doi.org/10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2021.03.03.003; http://cje.ustb.edu.cn