10/20/2017 Environmental Impacts of Open-Ocean Aquaculture Reservoirs Fruits and vegetables in recent years Increased due to global export of fresh and dehydrated fruits and vegetables from tropica countries ·Hygienic conditions during production, harvesting,and distribution do not always meet standards Education and improvec hygienic handling would improve food safety Characteristics of the Disease Characteristics of the Disease Symptoms and treatment Salmonella infections and clinical conditions Symptoms and treatment Enteric fever Salmonella infections and clinical conditions strains:typhoid and paratyphoid strains Non-typhoid Salmonella infections incubation:7-28 days Incubation:8-72 hours after ingestion Symptoms:diarrhea,prolonged,spiking fever, Symptoms:non-bloody diarrheal stools, abdominal pain,headache,and extreme abdominal pain within 5 days weakness Treatment:supportive therapy only fluid Diagnosis:isolate bacteria from blood or stools and electrolyte replacement Asymptomatic carrier state follows acute phase Antibiotics prolong carrier state Treatment:supportive therapy and antibiotics Asymptomatic carrier state is likely due to although antibiotic resistance limits the use of antibacterial drugs to treat enteric fever antibiotic repression of normal flora10/20/2017 9 Reservoirs • Fruits and vegetables in recent years • Increased due to global export of fresh and dehydrated fruits and vegetables from tropical countries • Hygienic conditions during production, harvesting, and distribution do not always meet standards • Education and improved hygienic handling would improve food safety Characteristics of the Disease Symptoms and treatment • Salmonella infections and clinical conditions • Enteric fever – strains: typhoid and paratyphoid strains - incubation: 7-28 days - Symptoms: diarrhea, prolonged, spiking fever, abdominal pain, headache, and extreme weakness - Diagnosis: isolate bacteria from blood or stools - Asymptomatic carrier state follows acute phase - Treatment: supportive therapy and antibiotics although antibiotic resistance limits the use of antibacterial drugs to treat enteric fever Characteristics of the Disease Symptoms and treatment • Salmonella infections and clinical conditions • Non-typhoid Salmonella infections – Incubation: 8-72 hours after ingestion - Symptoms: non-bloody diarrheal stools, abdominal pain within 5 days - Treatment: supportive therapy only fluid and electrolyte replacement - Antibiotics prolong carrier state - Asymptomatic carrier state is likely due to antibiotic repression of normal flora