稀缺”的经济学定义 Possessing utility, commodities derive their exchangeable value from two sources: from their scarcity, and from the quantity of labor required to obtain them@ ( Ricardo, 1821,p. 12 交换价值来自稀缺和劳动。 I mean all things, material or immaterial,that are scarce, that is to say, on the one hand, usefil to us and on the other hand only available to us in limited quantity ? (Walras, 1926, p65) Useful: capable of satisfying a want 财富=经济物品=稀缺=(1)有用+(2)不足够 2003/3/13 NE2003第2讲稀缺、竞争与约束 62003/3/13 NIE2003 第2讲稀缺、竞争与约束 6 “稀缺”的经济学定义 “Possessing utility,commodities derive their exchangeable value from two sources: from their scarcity, and from the quantity of labor required to obtain them”(Ricardo, 1821,p.12). ⚫ 交换价值来自稀缺和劳动。 “I mean all things, material or immaterial, that are scarce, that is to say, on the one hand, useful to us and, on the other hand, only available to us in limited quantity.” (Walras, 1926，p65） ⚫ Useful: capable of satisfying a want. ⚫ 财富=经济物品=稀缺=（1）有用 + （2）不足够