L7 Discussion and the Discussion Conclusion 1.The results (indicate establish)that there is a link between smoking and lung cancer. 2.The survey results (suggest/show)that the reuse of sentences or sections from one's previously published papers is a ques- tionable practice. 3.The latest series of studies(question /challenge)the value of including consumer expectations in the assessment of service quality. 4.The results given in Figure 4(validate support)the second conclusion that certain bacteria can reduce arsenic (As)levels in groundwater. 5.Baseline conditions have been (assumed shown)to be accurate at the time of the surveys. 6.Several studies have (identified alluded to)the importance of cultural sensitivity as a precursor to culturally appropriate medical care 7.Changes in ambient temperature may have (influenced/ distorted)the test results. 8.Previous studies(failed forgot)to consider the change in the fiber interface during the cracking process. 9.As shown in Figure 3,trade liberalization has (stimulated/ encouraged)economic growth in developing countries, leading to rising incomes. 10.Figure 12 (depicts/clarifies)the relationship between these two systems. ● Combined Qualifications to be "confidently uncertain" Ex.7-6 Examine the strong claim:When people have too many choices,they choose the safest one.Try to add distance,then weaken the generalization,and then indicate likelihood. Ex.7-7 Soften the claims and make the statements academically respectable and defensible. 1.Tall people have higher incomes than short people. 2.Economic sanctions are ineffective. 3.Alcohol causes brain damage in teenagers. 4.Passive smoking causes cancer. 5.Recycling is the best solution to the waste disposal problem. 6.Physical exercise prevents depression. 7.Deep tunnels are safer and less vulnerable to earthquake shaking than are shallow tunnels. 8.Private schools provide a better education than do public schools. 2.Vocabulary for the Discussion Mapping(relationship to existing research) 6/12L7 Discussion and the Discussion & Conclusion 6 / 12  Combined Qualifications to be “confidently uncertain” Ex. 7-6 Examine the strong claim: When people have too many choices, they choose the safest one. Try to add distance, then weaken the generalization, and then indicate likelihood. Ex. 7-7 Soften the claims and make the statements academically respectable and defensible. 2. Vocabulary for the Discussion  Mapping (relationship to existing research)