XIV PREFACE summer of 2006.The comments of participants in these courses,and in particular A.Bandyopadhyay,H.Dong,K.Hoffman-Credner,A.Klenke,D.Stanton and P.M.Zamfir,were extremely useful.As these notes evolved,we taught from them again at the University of Minnesota,the University of California at Berkeley,the Technion and Weizmann Institute,and received more much appreciated feedback from the participants in those courses.Finally,when expanding and refining these course notes,we have profited from the comments and questions of many col- leagues.We would like to thank in particular G.Ben Arous,P.Biane,P.Deift, A.Dembo,P.Diaconis,U.Haagerup,V.Jones,M.Krishnapur,Y.Peres,R.Pin- sky,G.Pisier,B.Rider,D.Shlyakhtenko,B.Solel,A.Soshnikov,R.Speicher,T. Suidan,C.Tracy,B.Virag and D.Voiculescu for their suggestions,corrections, and patience in answering our questions or explaining their work to us.Of course, any remaining mistakes and unclear passages are fully our responsibility. MINNEAPOLIS.MINNESOTA GREG ANDERSON LYON,FRANCE ALICE GUIONNET REHOVOT.ISRAEL OFER ZEITOUNI APRIL 2009xiv PREFACE summer of 2006. The comments of participants in these courses, and in particular A. Bandyopadhyay, H. Dong, K. Hoffman-Credner, A. Klenke, D. Stanton and P.M. Zamfir, were extremely useful. As these notes evolved, we taught from them again at the University of Minnesota, the University of California at Berkeley, the Technion and Weizmann Institute, and received more much appreciated feedback from the participants in those courses. Finally, when expanding and refining these course notes, we have profited from the comments and questions of many col￾leagues. We would like to thank in particular G. Ben Arous, P. Biane, P. Deift, A. Dembo, P. Diaconis, U. Haagerup, V. Jones, M. Krishnapur, Y. Peres, R. Pin￾sky, G. Pisier, B. Rider, D. Shlyakhtenko, B. Solel, A. Soshnikov, R. Speicher, T. Suidan, C. Tracy, B. Virag and D. Voiculescu for their suggestions, corrections, and patience in answering our questions or explaining their work to us. Of course, any remaining mistakes and unclear passages are fully our responsibility. GREG ANDERSON ALICE GUIONNET OFER ZEITOUNI APRIL 2009 MINNEAPOLIS, MINNESOTA LYON, FRANCE REHOVOT, ISRAEL