display.Geographical maps generated from U.S.Bureau of Census data were A9的有Ch also integrated to the display of PG&E's feeders for referencing purposes Some of the major features of the graphical user interface are: CAD displaying system with vec- tor representation of objects Vector data display with capability to zoom,pan,scroll,and drag in any scaling factors Locating drawing objects and text Special viewing through aerial,tile and lens views Layer control for displaying feed- ers and devices Toggling tie-line maps Toggling overloaded line display and line flow display Simulating switch operations or other real-time changes in the dis- tribution system parameters or Figure 4.Three mechanisms of zooming in for RADIAS-Vu topology Integrating street maps and feed- ers Window Help Open system design for linking databases,drawings,and FOR- TRAN applications 2243 Open system design for linking Microsoft office tools. 5045 A fraction of the features are shown in Figures 3 through 5.Figure 3 depicts an aerial display of portions of two 123 9942 Line Section our心eU0名群iM1 1228 PG&E feeders in Marine County,north 236 of San Francisco,superimposed on street maps constructed from mapping files.Figure 4 shows three mechanisms et动nCe t.011120 Resetance of zooming on different parts of a feed- er.Figure 5 illustrates the capability to 3 display the RADIAS analysis results for 8836 different portions of a feeder in a user- defined format. Note that this graphical user inter- face demonstrates a practical and eco nomical way to implement a simple :CGC179393 2-4150 pay oplora off Comrmuricellons version of AM/FM/GIS and SCADA inte- Figure 5.RADIAS-Vu displaying the results of RADIAS analysis gration for distribution automation applications.It links the real-time SCADA data,distribu- guages and reside on different hardware platforms.Fig- tion network model,some electrical facility information, ure 6 depicts the major components of the system and some spatial data together.It also provides opera- along with the hardware and software platforms used tors and engineers with a geographical view of the distri- for each component.The multiplicity of the frameworks bution circuits as well as real-time and study results. as well as the need for continued ease of development. support,upgrade,and interoperability encouraged us System Integration to design and develop the entire architecture and its Different components of the system have been devel- interfaces in conformance to industry standard prac- oped using different,yet standard,programming lan tices and guidelines.The data and commands between 34 IEEE Computer Applications in Power