Markov inequality If a random variable X can only take nonnegative values,then pX≥a)≤W,for all a>0 Loosely speaking,it asserts that if a nonnegative random variable has a small mean,then the probability that it takes a large value must also be small. 3Markov inequality • If a random variable 𝑋 can only take nonnegative values, then 𝑃 𝑋 ≥ 𝑎 ≤ 𝐸 𝑋 𝑎 , for all 𝑎 > 0 Loosely speaking, it asserts that • if a nonnegative random variable has a small mean, then the probability that it takes a large value must also be small. 3