Chinese National Identity under Reconstruction Lin Gang Wu Weixu Shanghai Jiao Tong University Soon after Mao Zedong declared on the stage of Tiananmen that the Chinese people had stood up,it seemed that China had almost finished the process of nation-building,which was stimulated by one hundred years of national humiliation and periodical foreign invasions:the only exception then was Taiwan,which had been under the control of Chinese Nationalists since 1945 Over the past seven decades,there have been two Chinese societies governed by different political regimes across the Taiwan Strait.From the perspective of the Chinese mainland,people living in Taiwan,or the so-called Taiwanese,are of course part of "the Chinese,including the overwhelming majority Han Chinese and tiny aboriginals that are regarded as one of 55 minor ethnicities within the Chinese nation. The growing Taiwanese identity on the island despite peaceful development of cross-strait relations over the past seven years,however,has highlighted the marginal existence of Chinese national identity (guojia rentong)on the island.As more people on Taiwan nowadays identify themselves as Taiwanese,rather than Chinese or both,people in the mainland have worked hard to reconstruct the concept of China through political communication,economic integration,social exchange and cultural assimilation across the Taiwan Strait.New terms such as "two shores,one close family'"(两岸一家亲)and“both sides effecting the Chinese dream”(共圆中国梦)have been created and added into the existed political vocabularies of"a community for two-shores'shared fortune'”(两岸命运共同体)，“great rejuvenation of Chinese nation'"(中华民族的伟大复兴)，etc. This paper discusses the growing Taiwanese identity on the island and Beijing's efforts to reconstruct Chinese national identity as related to Taiwan.Theoretically,Chinese national identity is both indigenous and reconstructive.The ancient concept of middle kingdom has been enriched continually,thanks to political expansion and cultural assimilation throughout history.From 1949 to 1979,amid political confrontation and military tension,Chinese people in the mainland were educated to liberate miserable people on Taiwan and bring the island back to its motherland.From 1979 on,Taiwan's developmental experience and increasing cross-strait civic exchanges have expanded mainlanders'imagination of modernization and understanding of national identity.Past experience suggests that the reconstruction of Chinese national identity across the Taiwan Strait is contingent upon not only economic modernization and integration,mutual cultural exchange and assimilation,and reinterpretation of contemporary Chinese history and political relations between the two entities prior to China's reunification,but also improvement of public governance and political engineering in the mainland. Taiwanese National Identity on Rise Various survey data have demonstrated the growth of Taiwanese national identity on both cultural/ethnical(minzu)and political/civil dimensions over the past two decades,evidenced by the fact that more Taiwan people nowadays identify themselves as Taiwanese,rather than Chinese or both Chinese and Taiwanese,with clear preference to independence than unification. According to the longitudinal data provided by the Election Study Center (ESC)at National 11 Chinese National Identity under Reconstruction Lin Gang & Wu Weixu Shanghai Jiao Tong University Soon after Mao Zedong declared on the stage of Tiananmen that the Chinese people had stood up, it seemed that China had almost finished the process of nation-building，which was stimulated by one hundred years of national humiliation and periodical foreign invasions；the only exception then was Taiwan，which had been under the control of Chinese Nationalists since 1945. Over the past seven decades, there have been two Chinese societies governed by different political regimes across the Taiwan Strait. From the perspective of the Chinese mainland, people living in Taiwan, or the so-called Taiwanese, are of course part of “ the Chinese, ” including the overwhelming majority Han Chinese and tiny aboriginals that are regarded as one of 55 minor ethnicities within the Chinese nation. The growing Taiwanese identity on the island despite peaceful development of cross-strait relations over the past seven years, however, has highlighted the marginal existence of Chinese national identity (guojia rentong) on the island. As more people on Taiwan nowadays identify themselves as Taiwanese, rather than Chinese or both, people in the mainland have worked hard to reconstruct the concept of China through political communication, economic integration, social exchange and cultural assimilation across the Taiwan Strait. New terms such as “two shores, one close family（” 两岸一家亲）and “both sides effecting the Chinese dream（” 共圆中国梦）have been created and added into the existed political vocabularies of “a community for two-shores’ shared fortune”（两岸命运共同体）, “great rejuvenation of Chinese nation”(中华民族的伟大复兴)，etc. This paper discusses the growing Taiwanese identity on the island and Beijing’s efforts to reconstruct Chinese national identity as related to Taiwan. Theoretically, Chinese national identity is both indigenous and reconstructive. The ancient concept of middle kingdom has been enriched continually, thanks to political expansion and cultural assimilation throughout history. From 1949 to 1979, amid political confrontation and military tension, Chinese people in the mainland were educated to liberate miserable people on Taiwan and bring the island back to its motherland. From 1979 on, Taiwan’s developmental experience and increasing cross-strait civic exchanges have expanded mainlanders’ imagination of modernization and understanding of national identity. Past experience suggests that the reconstruction of Chinese national identity across the Taiwan Strait is contingent upon not only economic modernization and integration, mutual cultural exchange and assimilation, and reinterpretation of contemporary Chinese history and political relations between the two entities prior to China’s reunification, but also improvement of public governance and political engineering in the mainland. Taiwanese National Identity on Rise Various survey data have demonstrated the growth of Taiwanese national identity on both cultural/ethnical (minzu) and political/civil dimensions over the past two decades, evidenced by the fact that more Taiwan people nowadays identify themselves as Taiwanese, rather than Chinese or both Chinese and Taiwanese, with clear preference to independence than unification. According to the longitudinal data provided by the Election Study Center (ESC) at National