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D0I:10.13374.issn1001-053x.2011.10.015 第33卷第10期 北京科技大学学报 Vol.33 No.10 2011年10月 Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing 0ct.2011 煤种对红土镍矿中镍选择性还原的影响机理 孙体昌四及亚娜蒋曼 北京科技大学金属矿山高效开采与安全教有部重点实验室,北京100083 ☒通信作者,E-mail:suntc@ces.usth.cdu.cn 摘要以某含镍1.86%(质量分数)、铁13.24%(质量分数)的红土镍矿为对象,分别采用石煤和无烟煤作为还原剂,考察 了煤种对红土镍矿中镍的选择性还原的影响.结果表明,用石煤作为还原剂能够达到镍选择性还原的目的.X射线衍射及扫 描电镜分析研究表明,还原过程中镍、铁先以镍纹石形式存在,随着煤用量增加,逐渐变为以铁纹石形式存在.同时随着煤用 量的增加,焙烧后生成的含镍铁矿物中镍的比例逐渐递减,而铁的比例逐渐递增.石煤为还原剂时培烧产物中主要以镍纹石 的形式存在,同时金属铁的生成量比无烟煤作还原剂时低,因此采用石煤作还原剂比无烟煤作还原剂对镍还原具有更强的选 择性,可以得到更高镍品位的镍铁精矿, 关键词红土镍矿;石煤:无烟煤:镍:选择性还原 分类号TD925 Influence mechanism of different types of coal on selective nickle reduction in nickel laterite reduction roasting SUN Ti-ehang,JI Ya-na,JIANG Man State Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education of China for High-Efficient Ming and Safety of Metal Mines,University of Science and Technology Bei- jing,Beijing 100083,China Corresponding author,E-mail:sunte@ces.ustb.edu.cn ABSTRACT With a nickel laterite of 1.86%Ni and 13.24%Fe as a sample,the influence of different types of coal on selective nickel reduction in nickel laterite reduction roasting was studied with stone coal or anthracite as a reductant.It is indicated that nickel can be selectively reduced with stone coal as a reductant.The results obtained by X-ray diffraction (XRD)and scanning electron mi- croscopy (SEM)show that taenite is the main form of nickel and iron in the roasted products when the dosage of coal is small,but the main mineral form changes into kamacite with the dosage of coal increasing.At the same time,with the dosage of coal increasing,the proportion of nickel decreases and the proportion of iron increases in Ni-Fe containing minerals produced after roasting.The roasted products are formed as taenite with stone coal as a reductant,the amount of gained Fe is lower but the selectivity for nickel is stronger than that with anthracite as a reductant,so Ni-Fe concentrate ores with high grade of nickel are obtained. KEY WORDS nickel laterite:stone coal:anthracite;nickel:selective reduction 镍具有抗腐蚀、抗氧化、耐高温、强度高和延展 不断减少,而大量存在的品位1%~2%左右的红土 性好等特点,因此用途广泛,60%以上的镍用于不锈 镍矿越来越引起人们的关注-.根据红土镍矿床 钢的生产).据国际镍研究组织(INSG)的最新数 不同,有火法和湿法两种处理工艺.火法工艺 据显示,2009年全球镍产量128万t,2010年继续回 (即还原焙烧方法)处理红土镍矿的最大缺点是能 升至135万t.从2005年开始中国已取代日本成为 源消耗高.湿法工艺包括氨浸工艺和加压浸出工 世界上镍消费量最大的国家,2009年,我国镍的实 艺.其中高压酸浸法应用最为广泛,国内外学者对 际消费量估计为44.7万t,同比增加37.6%.随着 加压酸浸工艺做了大量的研究,并在传统工艺上进 镍资源的开采,硫化镍矿和高品位红土镍矿资源的 行创新0:但总体而言,该工艺存在复杂、流程相 收稿日期:20100909第 33 卷 第 10 期 2011 年 10 月 北京科技大学学报 Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing Vol. 33 No. 10 Oct. 2011 煤种对红土镍矿中镍选择性还原的影响机理 孙体昌 及亚娜 蒋 曼 北京科技大学金属矿山高效开采与安全教育部重点实验室,北京 100083 通信作者,E-mail: suntc@ ces. ustb. edu. cn 摘 要 以某含镍 1. 86% ( 质量分数) 、铁 13. 24% ( 质量分数) 的红土镍矿为对象,分别采用石煤和无烟煤作为还原剂,考察 了煤种对红土镍矿中镍的选择性还原的影响. 结果表明,用石煤作为还原剂能够达到镍选择性还原的目的. X 射线衍射及扫 描电镜分析研究表明,还原过程中镍、铁先以镍纹石形式存在,随着煤用量增加,逐渐变为以铁纹石形式存在. 同时随着煤用 量的增加,焙烧后生成的含镍铁矿物中镍的比例逐渐递减,而铁的比例逐渐递增. 石煤为还原剂时焙烧产物中主要以镍纹石 的形式存在,同时金属铁的生成量比无烟煤作还原剂时低,因此采用石煤作还原剂比无烟煤作还原剂对镍还原具有更强的选 择性,可以得到更高镍品位的镍铁精矿. 关键词 红土镍矿; 石煤; 无烟煤; 镍; 选择性还原 分类号 TD925 Influence mechanism of different types of coal on selective nickle reduction in nickel laterite reduction roasting SUN Ti-chang ,JI Ya-na,JIANG Man State Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education of China for High-Efficient Ming and Safety of Metal Mines,University of Science and Technology Bei￾jing,Beijing 100083,China Corresponding author,E-mail: suntc@ ces. ustb. edu. cn ABSTRACT With a nickel laterite of 1. 86% Ni and 13. 24% Fe as a sample,the influence of different types of coal on selective nickel reduction in nickel laterite reduction roasting was studied with stone coal or anthracite as a reductant. It is indicated that nickel can be selectively reduced with stone coal as a reductant. The results obtained by X-ray diffraction ( XRD) and scanning electron mi￾croscopy ( SEM) show that taenite is the main form of nickel and iron in the roasted products when the dosage of coal is small,but the main mineral form changes into kamacite with the dosage of coal increasing. At the same time,with the dosage of coal increasing,the proportion of nickel decreases and the proportion of iron increases in Ni-Fe containing minerals produced after roasting. The roasted products are formed as taenite with stone coal as a reductant,the amount of gained Fe is lower but the selectivity for nickel is stronger than that with anthracite as a reductant,so Ni-Fe concentrate ores with high grade of nickel are obtained. KEY WORDS nickel laterite; stone coal; anthracite; nickel; selective reduction 收稿日期: 2010--09--09 镍具有抗腐蚀、抗氧化、耐高温、强度高和延展 性好等特点,因此用途广泛,60% 以上的镍用于不锈 钢的生产[1]. 据国际镍研究组织( INSG) 的最新数 据显示,2009 年全球镍产量 128 万 t,2010 年继续回 升至 135 万 t. 从 2005 年开始中国已取代日本成为 世界上镍消费量最大的国家,2009 年,我国镍的实 际消费量估计为 44. 7 万 t,同比增加 37. 6% . 随着 镍资源的开采,硫化镍矿和高品位红土镍矿资源的 不断减少,而大量存在的品位 1% ~ 2% 左右的红土 镍矿越来越引起人们的关注[2--6]. 根据红土镍矿床 不同,有火法和湿法两种处理工艺[7--8]. 火法工艺 ( 即还原焙烧方法) 处理红土镍矿的最大缺点是能 源消耗高. 湿法工艺包括氨浸工艺和加压浸出工 艺. 其中高压酸浸法应用最为广泛,国内外学者对 加压酸浸工艺做了大量的研究,并在传统工艺上进 行创新[9--11]; 但总体而言,该工艺存在复杂、流程相 DOI:10.13374/j.issn1001-053x.2011.10.015
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