Contents 11 Association Between Variables 767 11.1 Introduction............................767 11.1.1 Measure of Association 768 11.1.2 Chapter Summary····· 769 11.2 Chi Square Based Measures 769 11.2.1Phi......··.。·.。…·…··…·……· 774 11.2.2 Contingency coefficient 778 l1.2.3 Cramer'sV......,..········…···· 782 11.2.4 Summary of Chi Square Based Measures... 784 ll.3 Reduction in Error Measures·.············ 786 766Contents 11 Association Between Variables 767 11.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 767 11.1.1 Measure of Association . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 768 11.1.2 Chapter Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 769 11.2 Chi Square Based Measures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 769 11.2.1 Phi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 774 11.2.2 Contingency coefficient . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 778 11.2.3 Cramer’s V . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 782 11.2.4 Summary of Chi Square Based Measures . . . . . . . . 784 11.3 Reduction in Error Measures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 786 766