上海交通大学通识核心课程“历史视野下的美国文化”结业论文 the Soviet to the USA,facing the common threat form the Germany-Italy-Japan Fascist Alliance, the Soviet Union and the USA had to join together and formed the Anti-fascist Alliance.However, things changed with the victory of the Anti-fascist Alliance and the end of the Second World War. On the one hand,the Second World War had impaired the power of the UK to a large scale, which made this country changed from the world-best one to a second-rated one.The weakened UK came to realized only united with the USA,could the British keep his seat in Europe and fight against the Soviet power in the Eastern Europe.Therefore,on the 5th of March 1946,Winston Churchill,Prime Minister of the UK delivered a long speech,The Sinews of Peace,in Futon, Missouri.He declared,"From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic,an iron curtain has descended across the Continent.Behind that line lie all the capitals of the ancient states of the Central Europe.Warsaw,Berlin,Prague,Vienna,Budapest,Belgrade,Bucharest,and Sofia,all these famous cities and the populations around them lie in what I must call the Soviet sphere, and all are subject in one form or another,not only to Soviet influence but to a very high and,in many cases,increasing measure of control from Moscow."4 This famous speech was universally acknowledged as the First Shot of the Cold War. Also,on 12th March 1947,Truman broadcast his message in the United State Congress,that he divided the world into two parts,the freedom and totalitarian,and that all the countries in the world were forced to choose one form the other.Then in the name of aiding Greek and Turkey, he asked the Congress to prove 400 million dollars aiding to these two countries.This was the Truman Doctrine,which was the public rapture of the US and the Soviet Union.What's more,the Truman Government launched the Marshall Plan in July 1947,which seemingly intended to revive the Europe,but in fact aimed at controlling and consolidating the capitalism in the Europe so as to restrict the expansion of the Communism in Eastern Europe.Besides,the US Government advocated carrying out the policy of National Self-determination in the Eastern Europe,allowing the local people to elect their own government,which apparently intended to impair the influence of the communism in these areas and succeeded non-communism there.As in Asia,the US assisted Japan to establish similar democratic policy system,and helped the Chiang Kai-shek Government to exterminate the Communist Party,which indicated that the US's ambition to take control of the Asian Area. On the other hand,the Soviet Union,which had developed its military power during the Second World War,successfully established a series of soviet-friendly communist countries in the Eastern Europe.To fight back the Marshall Plan carrying out in the Europe,the Soviet Union announced the Molotov Plan in July.What's more,at the Warsaw Meeting in December,the Soviet put forward the concept of "Communist Camp led by the Soviet Union"and"Capitalist Camp led by the US".Meanwhile,the Europe Communist Information Bureau was established, which symbolized the outbreak of the Cold War. Secondly,nuclear weapon accelerated the outbreak of the Cold War. The first atomic bomb of the US was exploded on 16th July 1945.Hearing this news,Truman was very excited and told Byrnes,"it's time for us to achieve our goals."5 Thus,we can see Truman had been waiting for a chance to carry tough measures upon the Soviet Union.As Truman wrote in his memoirs,"We have achieved our absolutely secret and the boldest strategy, 4Quote from A Panoramic History of American Civilization for Colleges,Matthew Wei,Peking University Pres5,2008P255-256 5(美)小查尔斯·米在波兹坦的会晤三联出版社，1978,290页 2上海交通大学通识核心课程“历史视野下的美国文化”结业论文 2 the Soviet to the USA, facing the common threat form the Germany-Italy-Japan Fascist Alliance, the Soviet Union and the USA had to join together and formed the Anti-fascist Alliance. However, things changed with the victory of the Anti-fascist Alliance and the end of the Second World War. On the one hand, the Second World War had impaired the power of the UK to a large scale, which made this country changed from the world-best one to a second-rated one. The weakened UK came to realized only united with the USA, could the British keep his seat in Europe and fight against the Soviet power in the Eastern Europe. Therefore, on the 5 th of March 1946, Winston Churchill, Prime Minister of the UK delivered a long speech, The Sinews of Peace, in Futon, Missouri. He declared, “From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic, an iron curtain has descended across the Continent. Behind that line lie all the capitals of the ancient states of the Central Europe. Warsaw, Berlin, Prague, Vienna, Budapest, Belgrade, Bucharest, and Sofia, all these famous cities and the populations around them lie in what I must call the Soviet sphere, and all are subject in one form or another, not only to Soviet influence but to a very high and , in many cases, increasing measure of control from Moscow.” 4 This famous speech was universally acknowledged as the First Shot of the Cold War. Also, on 12 th March 1947, Truman broadcast his message in the United State Congress, that he divided the world into two parts, the freedom and totalitarian, and that all the countries in the world were forced to choose one form the other. Then in the name of aiding Greek and Turkey, he asked the Congress to prove 400 million dollars aiding to these two countries. This was the Truman Doctrine, which was the public rapture of the US and the Soviet Union. What’s more, the Truman Government launched the Marshall Plan in July 1947, which seemingly intended to revive the Europe, but in fact aimed at controlling and consolidating the capitalism in the Europe so as to restrict the expansion of the Communism in Eastern Europe. Besides, the US Government advocated carrying out the policy of National Self-determination in the Eastern Europe, allowing the local people to elect their own government, which apparently intended to impair the influence of the communism in these areas and succeeded non-communism there. As in Asia, the US assisted Japan to establish similar democratic policy system, and helped the Chiang Kai-shek Government to exterminate the Communist Party, which indicated that the US’s ambition to take control of the Asian Area. On the other hand, the Soviet Union, which had developed its military power during the Second World War, successfully established a series of soviet-friendly communist countries in the Eastern Europe. To fight back the Marshall Plan carrying out in the Europe, the Soviet Union announced the Molotov Plan in July. What’s more, at the Warsaw Meeting in December, the Soviet put forward the concept of “Communist Camp led by the Soviet Union” and “Capitalist Camp led by the US”. Meanwhile, the Europe Communist Information Bureau was established, which symbolized the outbreak of the Cold War. Secondly, nuclear weapon accelerated the outbreak of the Cold War. The first atomic bomb of the US was exploded on 16 th July 1945. Hearing this news, Truman was very excited and told Byrnes, “it’s time for us to achieve our goals.” 5 Thus, we can see Truman had been waiting for a chance to carry tough measures upon the Soviet Union. As Truman wrote in his memoirs, “We have achieved our absolutely secret and the boldest strategy, 4 Quote from A Panoramic History of American Civilization for Colleges, Matthew Wei, Peking University Press,2008 P255-256 5 (美)小查尔斯·米 在波兹坦的会晤 三联出版社， 1978， 290 页