Defining Terms Bode diagram: A frequency response plot of 20 log gain and phase angle on a log-frequency base Breakpoint: A point of abrupt change in slope in the straight line approximation of a Bode magnitude curve Damping ratio: The ratio between a systems damping factor(measure of rate of decay of response)and the Decade: Synonymous with power of ten. In context, a tenfold change in frequen Decibel: A measure of relative size. The decibel gain between voltages V, and V2 is 20 logo(V/V2). The decibel ratio of two powers is 10 logo(P/P2) Frequency response: The frequency-dependent relation in both gain and phase difference between steady state sinusoidal inputs and the resultant steady-state sinusoidal outputs Nichols chart: Control systems-a plot showing magnitude contours and phase contours of the return transfer function referred to as ordinates of logarithmic loop gain and abscissae of loop phase angle yquist plot: A parametric frequency response plot with the real part of the transfer function on the abscissa and the imaginary part of the transfer function on the ordinate Resonance: The enhancement of the response of a physical system to a steady-state sinusoidal input when he excitation frequency is near a natural frequency of the system Related To 2. 1 Step, Impulse, Ramp, Sinusoidal, Exponential, and DC Signals. 100.3 Frequency Response Methods: Bode References R C. Dorf, Modern Control Systems, 4th ed, Reading, Mass. Addison-Wesley, 1986 EEE Standard Dictionary of Electrical and Electronics Terms, 4th ed, The Institute of Electrical and Electronics D.E. Johnson, J.R. Johnson, and J.L. Hilburn, Electric Circuit Analysis, 2nd ed, Englewood Cliffs, N J. Prentice B.C. Kuo, Automatic Control Systems, 4th ed, Englewood Cliffs, N J. Prentice-Hall, 1982. K. Ogata, System Dynamics, Englewood Cliffs, N J. Prentice-Hall, 1992 W.D. Stanley, Network Analysis with Applications, Reston, Va. Reston, 1985. M. E. Van Valkenburg, Network Analysis, 3rd ed, Englewood Cliffs, N J: Prentice-Hall, 1974. Further information Good coverage of frequency response techniques can be found in many undergraduate-level electrical engi- neering textbooks. Refer especially to classical automatic controls or circuit analysis books. Useful information can also be found in books on active network design. Examples of the application of frequency response methods abound in journal articles ranging over such diverse topics as controls, acoustics, electronics, and communications. e 2000 by CRC Press LLC© 2000 by CRC Press LLC Defining Terms Bode diagram: A frequency response plot of 20 log gain and phase angle on a log-frequency base. Breakpoint: A point of abrupt change in slope in the straight line approximation of a Bode magnitude curve. Damping ratio: The ratio between a system’s damping factor (measure of rate of decay of response) and the damping factor when the system is critically damped. Decade: Synonymous with power of ten. In context, a tenfold change in frequency. Decibel: A measure of relative size. The decibel gain between voltages V1 and V2 is 20 log10(V1/V2). The decibel ratio of two powers is 10 log10(P1/P2). Frequency response: The frequency-dependent relation in both gain and phase difference between steady￾state sinusoidal inputs and the resultant steady-state sinusoidal outputs. Nichols chart: Control systems — a plot showing magnitude contours and phase contours of the return transfer function referred to as ordinates of logarithmic loop gain and abscissae of loop phase angle. Nyquist plot: A parametric frequency response plot with the real part of the transfer function on the abscissa and the imaginary part of the transfer function on the ordinate. Resonance: The enhancement of the response of a physical system to a steady-state sinusoidal input when the excitation frequency is near a natural frequency of the system. Related Topics 2.1 Step, Impulse, Ramp, Sinusoidal, Exponential, and DC Signals • 100.3 Frequency Response Methods: Bode Diagram Approach References R.C. Dorf, Modern Control Systems, 4th ed., Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley, 1986. IEEE Standard Dictionary of Electrical and Electronics Terms, 4th ed., The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 1988. D.E. Johnson, J.R. Johnson, and J.L. Hilburn, Electric Circuit Analysis, 2nd ed., Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice￾Hall, 1992. B.C. Kuo, Automatic Control Systems, 4th ed., Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1982. K. Ogata, System Dynamics, Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1992. W.D. Stanley, Network Analysis with Applications, Reston, Va.: Reston, 1985. M.E. Van Valkenburg, Network Analysis, 3rd ed., Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1974. Further Information Good coverage of frequency response techniques can be found in many undergraduate-level electrical engi￾neering textbooks. Refer especially to classical automatic controls or circuit analysis books. Useful information can also be found in books on active network design. Examples of the application of frequency response methods abound in journal articles ranging over such diverse topics as controls, acoustics, electronics, and communications