Three major breakthrough Civil Engineering: JIPKIC 结构设计原理 The principle of structure design Early humans:use of soil,stone,wood and other natural materials in the construction activities. First breakthrough:113 century BC,invented a brick,tile-based artificial materials in pressure,that is wood,brick(stone)structure of the rise of the era,such as:the Great Wall,the pyramids,metrical. Second breakthrough:the 17th century,cast iron,19th century wrought iron,steel, high-quality mid-19th century(man-made resistance to tension and compression materials)appears,the rise of the age of steel,for example,high-300m of the Eiffel Tower,main span of 512m of the Fox Channel and other steel structures. Third breakthrough:19~20 century,the emergence of reinforced concrete structures. After the iron and steel and cement production,until the beginning of this century to solve the computational theory of reinforced concrete structures,and prestress losses of prestressed concrete structures,anchorage,reinforced concrete structure has been widely applied in civil engineering.It was in dominant state. Three major breakthrough Civil Engineering: Early humans: use of soil, stone, wood and other natural materials in the construction activities. First breakthrough: 113 century BC, invented a brick, tile-based artificial materials in pressure, that is wood, brick (stone) structure of the rise of the era, such as: the Great Wall, the pyramids, metrical. Second breakthrough: the 17th century, cast iron, 19th century wrought iron, steel, high-quality mid-19th century (man-made resistance to tension and compression materials) appears, the rise of the age of steel, for example, high-300m of the Eiffel Tower, main span of 512m of the Fox Channel and other steel structures. Third breakthrough: 19 ~ 20 century, the emergence of reinforced concrete structures. After the iron and steel and cement production, until the beginning of this century to solve the computational theory of reinforced concrete structures, and prestress losses of prestressed concrete structures, anchorage, reinforced concrete structure has been widely applied in civil engineering. It was in dominant state