Among the advantages over oral therapy of the rectal route of administration for achieving systemic effects are these a) Drugs destroyed or inactivated by the ph or enzymatic activity of the stomach or intestines need not be exposed to this destructive environments; b) Drugs irritating to the stomach may be giving without causing such irritation c) Drugs destroyed by portal circulation may bypass the liver after rectal absorption◼ Among the advantages over oral therapy of the rectal route of administration for achieving systemic effects are these: a) Drugs destroyed or inactivated by the pH or enzymatic activity of the stomach or intestines need not be exposed to this destructive environments; b) Drugs irritating to the stomach may be giving without causing such irritation c) Drugs destroyed by portal circulation may bypass the liver after rectal absorption