工程科学学报.第41卷,第12期:1583-1590.2019年12月 Chinese Journal of Engineering,Vol.41,No.12:1583-1590,December 2019 D0L:10.13374.issn2095-9389.2018.12.10.004,http:/ournals.ustb.cdu.cn 微波加热金属液体的实验研究 苏晓峰),吴博威,刘建华)区,刘建),庄昌凌 1)北京科技大学工程技术研究院,北京1000832)中治华天南京工程技术有限公司,南京2100193)东北特殊钢集团股份有限公司,大 连1160114)贵州大学材料与治金学院.贵阳550025 ☒通信作者,E-mail:liujianhua@metall..ustb.edu.cn 摘要研究微波加热液态金属的升温特征,在MobileLab-W-R型微波工作站中进行了微波直接加热铜液和铁液的实验研 究,实现了微波直接加热铜液和铁液实验,对比研究了微波直接加热和间接加热铜液与铁液的加热效果,并研究了微波功 率、金属液质量、温度等对微波直接加热效果的影响,探讨了微波直接加热金属液体的机理.结果表明,微波可以以较快的升 温速度直接加热铜液和铁液,且升温速率与微波加热功率呈近似线性递增关系:在相同微波直接加热条件下,同等质量的铜 液和铁液的升温速度相近,但不同质量铁液加热时,由于其表面积、微波场强分布等因素的影响,铁液质量对微波加热效果 的影响没有明显的线性关系.理论分析认为,铜和铁在熔化后电阻率增大,磁导率明显下降,导致微波在铜液和铁液内部的 趋肤深度显著大于固态铜和铁:电导损耗是实现微波直接加热液态金属的主要机制,液态金属可通过电子与原子核碰撞、表 面快速更新、内部缺陷阻碍电子运动、原子运动及碰撞等形式吸收微波,将微波能量转化为自身热量. 关键词液态金属:微波加热:趋肤深度:电导损耗:碰撞 分类号TF19 Experimental research into the heating of liquid metal with microwave SU Xiao-feng",WU Bo-we,LIU Jian-hua,LIU Jian,ZHUANG Chang-ling 1)Institute of Engineering Technology,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China 2)MCC Huatian Engineering and Technology Corporation,Nanjing 210019,China 3)Dongbei Special Steel Group Co.,Ltd.,Dalian 116011,China 4)College of Materials and Metallurgy,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,China Corresponding author,E-mail:liujianhua@metall.ustb.edu.cn ABSTRACT Characteristics of molten metal heated with microwaves were the focus of this study.A series of experiments on the direct microwave heating of molten copper and molten iron were conducted in a MobileLab-W-R microwave workstation;both metals were effectively heated by direct microwaves.Effects of indirect versus direct heating were comparatively analyzed using different types of heating chambers.The direct heating method was then further investigated,taking microwave power,mass of molten metal,and temperature into consideration.The mechanism of direct microwave heating of molten metal was discussed.The results show that microwave can directly heat molten iron and molten copper at high rates that increase linearly with increasing microwave power. Heating rates of molten iron are similar to those of molten copper at constant mass and microwave power.However,the mass of molten iron has no clear linear relationship with heating rates due to the involvement of other factors,such as surface area of the molten iron and distribution of the microwaves.According to the theoretical analysis,when the states of copper and iron are transferred from solid to liquid,their resistivities increase,but their permeabilities drop significantly.As a result,the skin effect depths of microwave in molten copper and iron are clearly larger than those in the solid metals.Conductivity loss is the main mechanism of achieving direct microwave 收稿日期:2018-12-10 基金项目:国家自然科学基金资助项目(51704083)微波加热金属液体的实验研究 苏晓峰1),吴博威2),刘建华1) 苣,刘 建3),庄昌凌4) 1) 北京科技大学工程技术研究院,北京 100083 2) 中冶华天南京工程技术有限公司,南京 210019 3) 东北特殊钢集团股份有限公司,大 连 116011 4) 贵州大学材料与冶金学院,贵阳 550025 苣通信作者,E-mail:liujianhua@metall.ustb.edu.cn 摘 要 研究微波加热液态金属的升温特征,在 MobileLab-W-R 型微波工作站中进行了微波直接加热铜液和铁液的实验研 究,实现了微波直接加热铜液和铁液实验,对比研究了微波直接加热和间接加热铜液与铁液的加热效果,并研究了微波功 率、金属液质量、温度等对微波直接加热效果的影响,探讨了微波直接加热金属液体的机理. 结果表明,微波可以以较快的升 温速度直接加热铜液和铁液,且升温速率与微波加热功率呈近似线性递增关系;在相同微波直接加热条件下,同等质量的铜 液和铁液的升温速度相近,但不同质量铁液加热时,由于其表面积、微波场强分布等因素的影响,铁液质量对微波加热效果 的影响没有明显的线性关系. 理论分析认为,铜和铁在熔化后电阻率增大,磁导率明显下降,导致微波在铜液和铁液内部的 趋肤深度显著大于固态铜和铁;电导损耗是实现微波直接加热液态金属的主要机制,液态金属可通过电子与原子核碰撞、表 面快速更新、内部缺陷阻碍电子运动、原子运动及碰撞等形式吸收微波,将微波能量转化为自身热量. 关键词 液态金属;微波加热;趋肤深度;电导损耗;碰撞 分类号 TF19 Experimental research into the heating of liquid metal with microwave SU Xiao-feng1) ,WU Bo-wei2) ,LIU Jian-hua1) 苣 ,LIU Jian3) ,ZHUANG Chang-ling4) 1) Institute of Engineering Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China 2) MCC Huatian Engineering and Technology Corporation, Nanjing 210019, China 3) Dongbei Special Steel Group Co., Ltd., Dalian 116011, China 4) College of Materials and Metallurgy, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China 苣 Corresponding author, E-mail: liujianhua@metall.ustb.edu.cn ABSTRACT Characteristics of molten metal heated with microwaves were the focus of this study. A series of experiments on the direct microwave heating of molten copper and molten iron were conducted in a MobileLab-W-R microwave workstation; both metals were effectively heated by direct microwaves. Effects of indirect versus direct heating were comparatively analyzed using different types of heating chambers. The direct heating method was then further investigated, taking microwave power, mass of molten metal, and temperature into consideration. The mechanism of direct microwave heating of molten metal was discussed. The results show that microwave can directly heat molten iron and molten copper at high rates that increase linearly with increasing microwave power. Heating rates of molten iron are similar to those of molten copper at constant mass and microwave power. However, the mass of molten iron has no clear linear relationship with heating rates due to the involvement of other factors, such as surface area of the molten iron and distribution of the microwaves. According to the theoretical analysis, when the states of copper and iron are transferred from solid to liquid, their resistivities increase, but their permeabilities drop significantly. As a result, the skin effect depths of microwave in molten copper and iron are clearly larger than those in the solid metals. Conductivity loss is the main mechanism of achieving direct microwave 收稿日期: 2018−12−10 基金项目: 国家自然科学基金资助项目(51704083) 工程科学学报,第 41 卷,第 12 期:1583−1590,2019 年 12 月 Chinese Journal of Engineering, Vol. 41, No. 12: 1583−1590, December 2019 DOI:10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2018.12.10.004; http://journals.ustb.edu.cn