utterances of the Greeks and Romans or developed through an imitation ofancient art and literature. 1.3 Allegory It is a fictional literary narrative or artistic expression that conveys a 5 symbolic meaning parallel to but distinct from,and more important than the literal meaning.Allegory has also been defined as an extended metaphor.The symbolic meaning is usually expressed through personifications and other symbols.Related forms are the fable and the parable,which are didactic,comparatively short and simple allegories. 1.4 Literary criticism 51 The term refers to analysis,interoperating and evaluation of works of literature in light of existing standards of taste,or with the purpose of creating new standards.There are two approaches to literary criticism.Theoretical criticism is the study of the principles governing fiction,poetry,and drama with the aim of defining the distinctnatre of rre practicaiticismis the threeol act of reading and experiencing a literary work judging its worth,and interpreting its meaning. 2.0 Jonathan Swift(1667-1745) 2.1 Life 5 Swift was born in Dublin,Ireland.He accepted the aid from utterances of the Greeks and Romans or developed through an imitation of ancient art and literature. 1.3 Allegory It is a fictional literary narrative or artistic expression that conveys a symbolic meaning parallel to but distinct from, and more important than the literal meaning. Allegory has also been defined as an extended metaphor. The symbolic meaning is usually expressed through personifications and other symbols. Related forms are the fable and the parable, which are didactic, comparatively short and simple allegories. 1.4 Literary criticism The term refers to analysis, interoperating and evaluation of works of literature in light of existing standards of taste, or with the purpose of creating new standards. There are two approaches to literary criticism. Theoretical criticism is the study of the principles governing fiction, poetry, and drama with the aim of defining the distinct nature of literature, practical criticism is the three fold act of reading and experiencing a literary work judging its worth, and interpreting its meaning. 2.0 Jonathan Swift (1667-1745) 2.1 Life Swift was born in Dublin，Ireland. He accepted the aid from 5’ 5’ 5’