上游充通大兽 电化学扫描技术 SHANGHAI JIAO TONG UNIVERSITY X-,y-,z-positioner bipotentiostat bias voltage Liu,H.Y.;Fan,F.R.F.;Lin,C.W.;Bard,A.J.J.Am.Chem.Soc.1986,108,3838-3839. Miniaturized potentiometric Voltammetry sensors Potentiometry Micro-amalgam electrodes Electrochemical impedance Ultramicroelectrode Microbiosensors (UME) r:Radius(several tens of nanometer to25μm) Electrochemical signal at the UME is influenced by properties of the sample(processes at the d:UME-to-sample distance sample surface),size of the tip,and distance tip- sample. Sample电化学扫描技术