xiv Content Chapter 24 Plasticity of Mature Synapses Long-Term Synaptic Depression 592 nd Circuits 575 Box C Silent sy ses 594 Overview 575 Changes in Gene Expression Cause Enduring ic Plasticity Underlies Behavioral Modification Changes in Synaptic Function during LTP and in Invertebrates 575 LTD 597 Box A Genetics of Learning and Memory in the Plasticity in the Adult Cerebral Cortex 599 Fruit Fly 581 Box D Epilepsy: The Effect of Pathological Short-Term Synaptic Plasticity in the Mammalian Activity on Neural Circuitry 600 Nervous System 582 Recovery from Neural Injury 602 Long-Term Synaptic Plasticity in the Mammalian Generation of Neurons in the adult brain 605 Nervous System 583 Box E Why Aren t We More Like Fish and Long-Term Potentiation of Hippocampal Synapses 584 Frogs? 606 Molecular Mechanisms Underlying LTP 587 umm Box B Dendritic Spines 590 Unity COMPLEX BRAIN FUNCTIONS Chapter 25 The Association Cortices 613 Chapter 26 Language and Speech 637 Overview 613 Overview 637 The Association Cortices 613 Language Is Both Localized and Lateralized 637 An Overview of Cortical Structure 614 Aphasias 638 Specific Features of the Association Cortices 615 Box A Speech 640 BOx AA More detailed look at cortical Box B Do Other Animals Have Language? 642 Lamination 617 Box C Words and Meaning 645 Lesions of the Parietal Association Cortex: Deficits of A Dramatic Confirmation of Language Lateralization Attention 619 Lesions of the Temporal Association Cortex: Anatomical Differences between the Right and Left Deficits of Recognition 622 Lesions of the Frontal Association Cortex: Deficits of Mapping Language Functions 649 Box D Language and Handedness 650 Box B Psychosurgery 625 The Role of the Right Hemisphere in Language 654 "Attention Neurons" in the monkey parietal Cortex 626 Sign Language 655 Recognition Neurons"in the Monkey Temporal Summary 656 Cortex 627 Planning Neurons"in the Monkey Frontal Cortex bsu Chapter 27 Sleep and Wakefulness 659 Box C Neuropsychological Testing 632 Box D Brain Size and Intelligence 634 umma Why Do Humans(and Many Other Animals) Sleep 659 Box A Styles of Sleep in Different Species 661xiv Contents Chapter 25 The Association Cortices 613 Overview 613 The Association Cortices 613 An Overview of Cortical Structure 614 Specific Features of the Association Cortices 615 BOX A A More Detailed Look at Cortical Lamination 617 Lesions of the Parietal Association Cortex: Deficits of Attention 619 Lesions of the Temporal Association Cortex: Deficits of Recognition 622 Lesions of the Frontal Association Cortex: Deficits of Planning 623 BOX B Psychosurgery 625 “Attention Neurons” in the Monkey Parietal Cortex 626 “Recognition Neurons” in the Monkey Temporal Cortex 627 “Planning Neurons” in the Monkey Frontal Cortex 630 BOX C Neuropsychological Testing 632 BOX D Brain Size and Intelligence 634 Summary 635 Chapter 26 Language and Speech 637 Overview 637 Language Is Both Localized and Lateralized 637 Aphasias 638 BOX A Speech 640 BOX B Do Other Animals Have Language? 642 BOX C Words and Meaning 645 A Dramatic Confirmation of Language Lateralization 646 Anatomical Differences between the Right and Left Hemispheres 648 Mapping Language Functions 649 BOX D Language and Handedness 650 The Role of the Right Hemisphere in Language 654 Sign Language 655 Summary 656 Chapter 27 Sleep and Wakefulness 659 Overview 659 Why Do Humans (and Many Other Animals) Sleep? 659 BOX A Styles of Sleep in Different Species 661 Unit V COMPLEX BRAIN FUNCTIONS Chapter 24 Plasticity of Mature Synapses and Circuits 575 Overview 575 Synaptic Plasticity Underlies Behavioral Modification in Invertebrates 575 BOX A Genetics of Learning and Memory in the Fruit Fly 581 Short-Term Synaptic Plasticity in the Mammalian Nervous System 582 Long-Term Synaptic Plasticity in the Mammalian Nervous System 583 Long-Term Potentiation of Hippocampal Synapses 584 Molecular Mechanisms Underlying LTP 587 BOX B Dendritic Spines 590 Long-Term Synaptic Depression 592 BOX C Silent Synapses 594 Changes in Gene Expression Cause Enduring Changes in Synaptic Function during LTP and LTD 597 Plasticity in the Adult Cerebral Cortex 599 BOX D Epilepsy: The Effect of Pathological Activity on Neural Circuitry 600 Recovery from Neural Injury 602 Generation of Neurons in the Adult Brain 605 BOX E Why Aren’t We More Like Fish and Frogs? 606 Summary 609 Purves3/eFM 5/13/04 12:59 PM Page xiv