生产函数和总成本 A Production Function and 生产函数 Total Cost 工人量 工本工人林本入总本 The Production Function 生产函数表示生产某物品所使用的投 入的数量和该物品产出的数量之间的 关系 The production function shows the relationship between quantity of inputs used to make a good and the quantity of output of that good. 边际产量 边际产量 Marginal Product marginal Product 在生产过程中,任一投入的边际产量 额外的产出 就是从增加一单位的该种投入中所 边际产量= Additional output 获得的产量的增加量。 Marginal 额外的投入 The marginal product of any input in product Additional input the production process is the increase in the quantity of output obtained from an additional unit of that input. 边际产量递减 生产函数 Diminishing Marginal product A Production Function ●边际产量递减指的是某投入的边际产量随其投入量增加而 降的性质 生产圆 Diminishing marginal product is the property whereby the marginal product of an input declines as the quantity of the input increases. ◆例:随着一个企业雇佣的工人越来越多,每一个新增的工 人对产量的贡就就越来越小,因为企业拥有的设备数量是 Example: As more and more workers are hired at a firm, each additional worker contributes less and less to production because the firm has a limited amount of 工人散 Number of workers卜3 生产函数和总成本 A Production Function and Total Cost Number of Workers Output Marginal Product of Labor Cost of Factory Cost of Workers Total Cost of Inputs 0 0 $30 $0 $30 1 50 50 30 10 40 2 90 40 30 20 50 3 120 30 30 30 60 4 140 20 30 40 70 5 150 10 30 50 80 工人数量 产量 劳动的边际产量 工厂成本 工人成本 投入总成本 生产函数 The Production Function 生产函数表示生产某物品所使用的投 入的数量和该物品产出的数量之间的 关系。 The production function shows the relationship between quantity of inputs used to make a good and the quantity of output of that good. 边际产量 Marginal Product 在生产过程中，任一投入的边际产量 ，就是从增加一单位的该种投入中所 获得的产量的增加量。 The marginal product of any input in the production process is the increase in the quantity of output obtained from an additional unit of that input. 边际产量 Marginal Product 额外的投入 Additional input 额外的产出 Additional output 边际产量 = Marginal product 边际产量递减 Diminishing Marginal Product ‹边际产量递减指的是某投入的边际产量随其投入量增加而 下降的性质。 Diminishing marginal product is the property whereby the marginal product of an input declines as the quantity of the input increases. ‹例：随着一个企业雇佣的工人越来越多，每一个新增的工 人对产量的贡献就越来越小，因为企业拥有的设备数量是 有限的。 Example: As more and more workers are hired at a firm, each additional worker contributes less and less to production because the firm has a limited amount of equipment. 生产函数 A Production Function... Quantity of Output (cookies per hour) 150 140 130 120 110 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 12345 Number of Workers Hired 生产函数 Production function 产量（每小 时糕点数） 雇佣工人数