细菌与氧 Organisms Aerobic Low-affinity Microaerobic High-affinity ROs Anaerobic Representative species growth growth oxIdase defence growth Obligate aerobes Mycobacterium leprae Microaerophiles Helicobacter pylori Facultative anaerobes*+ Escherichia coli Anaerobes Bacteroides fragilis Aerotolerant anaerobes Streptococcus pneumoniae ligate anaerobes Clostridium tetani ROS, reactive oxygen species. Not all facultative anaerobes have high-affinity oxidases or grow microaerobically. Many obligate anaerobes tolerate transient or low levels of o Morris, R. L and T M. Schmidt (2013). Nat Rev Microbiol 11(3): 205-212细菌与氧 10 Morris, R. L. and T. M. Schmidt (2013). Nat Rev Microbiol 11(3): 205-212