·832· 工程科学学报，第38卷，第6期 图9电火花缺口试样断口形貌.(a)断口形貌：(c)缺口底部裂纹萌生点：(d)二次缺口 Fig.9 Typical fracture surface of a notched specimen:(a)fracture surface:(b)crack initiation sites at the bottom of the notch;(c)secondary notch [10]Beretta S,Carboni M,Conte A L,et al.Crack growth studies in 4结论 railway axles under corrosion fatigue:full-scale experiments and (1)随着压痕和电火花缺口投影面积的增加，车 model validation.Procedia Eng,2011,10(7):3650 轴钢试样疲劳极限均降低. [11]Lu L T,Zhang J W.Zhang Y B,et al.Rotary bending fatigue property of 1750 axle steel in gigacyele regime.J China Rail (2)压痕使周围材料发生塑性变形并且引入残余 Sac,2009,31(5):37 压应力，但是由于应力集中效应，裂纹仍然萌生于压痕 (鲁连涛，张继旺，张艳斌，等.1Z50车轴钢超长寿命旋转 底部，压痕试样的疲劳极限和Murakami模型计算结果 弯曲疲劳性能.铁道学报，2009,31(5)：37) 没有差异. 02] Murakami Y,Kodama S,Konuma S.Quantitative evaluation of (3)缺口表面较大的粗糙度，二次缺口的存在以 effects of non-metallic inclusions on fatigue strength of high strength steels:I.Basic fatigue mechanism and evaluation of 及再铸层的微孔和微裂纹导致疲劳裂纹在缺口底部多 correlation between the fatigue fracture stress and the size and lo- 处萌生.缺口试样的疲劳极限低于Murakami模型计 cation of non-metallic inclusions.Int Fatigue,1989,11 (5): 算结果 291 13】 Murakami Y,Usuki H.Quantitative evaluation of effects of non- metallic inclusions on fatigue strength of high strength steels:II. 参考文献 Fatigue limit evaluation based on statistics for extreme values of Smith R A,Hillmansen S.A brief historical overview of the fa- inclusion size.Int J Fatigue,1989,11(5):299 [14]Beretta S,Ghidini A,Lombardo F.Fracture mechanics and tigue of railway axles.Proc Inst Mech Eng Part F,2004,218 (4):267 scale effects in the fatigue of railway axles.Eng Fract Mech, 2005,72(2):195 2]Zerbst U,Beretta S,Kohler C,et al.Safe life and damage toler- 05] Zhang J Q,Zhou S X,Xie J L.Experimental research on the ance aspects of railway axles:a review.Eng Fract Mech,2013, effects of notches on the fatigue behavior of axle steel.I Beijing 98(2):214 Jiaotong Unir,2010,34(4):132 Smith R A.Railway fatigue failures:an overview of a long stand- (张俊清，周素霞，谢基龙.缺口对车轴钢疲劳性能的影响 ing problem.Materialeiss Werkstoffiech,2005,36(11):697 北京交通大学学报，2010,34(4)：132) 4]Luke M,Varfolomeev I,Litkepohl K,et al.Fatigue crack growth [16]Liu S H,Song Z L,Guo L Y,et al.Effect of surface notches on in railway axles:Assessment concept and validation tests.Eng fatigue fracture of shaft steel.China Rail Sci,1990,11(1):78 Fract Mech,2011,78(5):714 (刘淑华，宋子濂，郭灵彦，等。表面刻槽对车轴钢疲劳断裂 5]Beretta S,Carboni M,Conte A L,et al.An investigation of the 的影响.中国铁道科学，1990,11(1)：78) effects of corrosion on the fatigue strength of AlN axle steel.Proc 07] Murakami Y,Matsunaga H,Abyazi A,et al.Defect size de- Inst Mech Eng Part F,2008,222(2)129 pendence on threshold stress intensity for high-strength steel with Pidaparti R M,Patel R K.Investigation of a single pit/defect evo- internal hydrogen.Fatigue Fract Eng Mater Struct,2013,36 lution during the corrosion process.Corros Sci,2010,52(9): (9):836 3150 h8] Yang B,Zhao Y X.Comparative study on short fatigue crack 7]Cerit M,Genel K,Eksi S.Numerical investigation on stress con- growth behavior of axle steel 1250 with two final processing meth- centration of corrosion pit.Eng Fail Anal,2009,16(7):2467 ods.J China Rail Soc,2013,35(5):34 [8]Cerit M.Numerical investigation on torsional stress concentration (杨冰，赵永翔.两种终加工工艺下I☑50车轴钢疲劳短裂纹 factor at the semi elliptical corrosion pit.Corros Sci,2013,67 扩展行为对比研究.铁道学报，2013,35(5)：34) (1):225 [19]Lu L T,Zhang J W,Cui G D,et al.Effect of gas nitriding on 9]Beretta S,Carboni M,Fiore G,et al.Corrosion-fatigue of AlN the fatigue properties of medium carbon railway axle steel in a railway axle steel exposed to rainwater.Int J Fatigue,2010,32 very high eycle regime.I Unie Sci Technol Beijing,2011,33 (6):952 (6):709工程科学学报，第 38 卷，第 6 期 图 9 电火花缺口试样断口形貌． ( a) 断口形貌; ( c) 缺口底部裂纹萌生点; ( d) 二次缺口 Fig． 9 Typical fracture surface of a notched specimen: ( a) fracture surface; ( b) crack initiation sites at the bottom of the notch; ( c) secondary notch 4 结论 ( 1) 随着压痕和电火花缺口投影面积的增加，车 轴钢试样疲劳极限均降低． ( 2) 压痕使周围材料发生塑性变形并且引入残余 压应力，但是由于应力集中效应，裂纹仍然萌生于压痕 底部，压痕试样的疲劳极限和 Murakami 模型计算结果 没有差异． ( 3) 缺口表面较大的粗糙度，二次缺口的存在以 及再铸层的微孔和微裂纹导致疲劳裂纹在缺口底部多 处萌生． 缺口试样的疲劳极限低于 Murakami 模型计 算结果． 参 考 文 献 ［1］ Smith Ｒ A，Hillmansen S． A brief historical overview of the fa￾tigue of railway axles． Proc Inst Mech Eng Part F，2004，218 ( 4) : 267 ［2］ Zerbst U，Beretta S，Khler G，et al． Safe life and damage toler￾ance aspects of railway axles: a review． Eng Fract Mech，2013， 98( 2) : 214 ［3］ Smith Ｒ A． Ｒailway fatigue failures: an overview of a long stand￾ing problem． Materialwiss Werkstofftech，2005，36( 11) : 697 ［4］ Luke M，Varfolomeev I，Lütkepohl K，et al． Fatigue crack growth in railway axles: Assessment concept and validation tests． Eng Fract Mech，2011，78( 5) : 714 ［5］ Beretta S，Carboni M，Conte A L，et al． An investigation of the effects of corrosion on the fatigue strength of AlN axle steel． Proc Inst Mech Eng Part F，2008，222( 2) : 129 ［6］ Pidaparti Ｒ M，Patel Ｒ K． Investigation of a single pit / defect evo￾lution during the corrosion process． Corros Sci，2010，52 ( 9 ) : 3150 ［7］ Cerit M，Genel K，Eksi S． Numerical investigation on stress con￾centration of corrosion pit． Eng Fail Anal，2009，16( 7) : 2467 ［8］ Cerit M． Numerical investigation on torsional stress concentration factor at the semi elliptical corrosion pit． Corros Sci，2013，67 ( 1) : 225 ［9］ Beretta S，Carboni M，Fiore G，et al． Corrosion--fatigue of AlN railway axle steel exposed to rainwater． Int J Fatigue，2010，32 ( 6) : 952 ［10］ Beretta S，Carboni M，Conte A L，et al． Crack growth studies in railway axles under corrosion fatigue: full-scale experiments and model validation． Procedia Eng，2011，10( 7) : 3650 ［11］ Lu L T，Zhang J W，Zhang Y B，et al． Ｒotary bending fatigue property of LZ50 axle steel in gigacycle regime． J China Ｒail Soc，2009，31( 5) : 37 ( 鲁连涛，张继旺，张艳斌，等． LZ50 车轴钢超长寿命旋转 弯曲疲劳性能． 铁道学报，2009，31( 5) : 37) ［12］ Murakami Y，Kodama S，Konuma S． Quantitative evaluation of effects of non-metallic inclusions on fatigue strength of high strength steels: Ⅰ． Basic fatigue mechanism and evaluation of correlation between the fatigue fracture stress and the size and lo￾cation of non-metallic inclusions． Int J Fatigue，1989，11( 5) : 291 ［13］ Murakami Y，Usuki H． Quantitative evaluation of effects of non￾metallic inclusions on fatigue strength of high strength steels: Ⅱ． Fatigue limit evaluation based on statistics for extreme values of inclusion size． Int J Fatigue，1989，11( 5) : 299 ［14］ Beretta S，Ghidini A，Lombardo F． Fracture mechanics and scale effects in the fatigue of railway axles． Eng Fract Mech， 2005，72( 2) : 195 ［15］ Zhang J Q，Zhou S X，Xie J L． Experimental research on the effects of notches on the fatigue behavior of axle steel． J Beijing Jiaotong Univ，2010，34( 4) : 132 ( 张俊清，周素霞，谢基龙． 缺口对车轴钢疲劳性能的影响． 北京交通大学学报，2010，34( 4) : 132) ［16］ Liu S H，Song Z L，Guo L Y，et al． Effect of surface notches on fatigue fracture of shaft steel． China Ｒail Sci，1990，11( 1) : 78 ( 刘淑华，宋子濂，郭灵彦，等． 表面刻槽对车轴钢疲劳断裂 的影响． 中国铁道科学，1990，11( 1) : 78) ［17］ Murakami Y，Matsunaga H，Abyazi A，et al． Defect size de￾pendence on threshold stress intensity for high-strength steel with internal hydrogen． Fatigue Fract Eng Mater Struct，2013，36 ( 9) : 836 ［18］ Yang B，Zhao Y X． Comparative study on short fatigue crack growth behavior of axle steel LZ50 with two final processing meth￾ods． J China Ｒail Soc，2013，35( 5) : 34 ( 杨冰，赵永翔． 两种终加工工艺下 LZ50 车轴钢疲劳短裂纹 扩展行为对比研究． 铁道学报，2013，35( 5) : 34) ［19］ Lu L T，Zhang J W，Cui G D，et al． Effect of gas nitriding on the fatigue properties of medium carbon railway axle steel in a very high cycle regime． J Univ Sci Technol Beijing，2011，33 ( 6) : 709 · 238 ·