2)Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Geological Support for Coal Green Exploitation Xi'an 710054 China; 3)Xi'an Research Institute,China Coal Technology and Engineering Group Corp,Xi'an 710077,China;; 4)College of Mapping Science and Technology,Xi'an University of Science and Technology,Xi'an 710054,China;. 5)Shenmu Ningtiaota Coal Mining Company Ltd,Shenmu,Shaanxi 719300,China; 6)Shaanxi Yongxin Mining Limited Liability Company,Fugu Shaanxi 719400,China; 7)Shaanxi Xiaobaodang Mining Corporation Limited,Yu Lin Shaanxi 719302,China A BSTRCT:Yushenfu mining area with large scale and high intensity is an important raw coal producing area in northern Shaanxi.,but the fragile ecological environment makes the mine geological environment problems caused by coal mining particularly significant.In order to grasp the development law of surface cracks and reveal the formation mechanism caused by coal mining in Yushenfu mining area,the typical working faces of Anshan Coal Mine,Caragana Tower Coal Mine and 1 Coal Mine of Xiaobaodang in Yushenfu Mining area were taken as the research object to carry out the study.The results show that:the surface cracks can be divided into four types:step type,extrusion uplift type,sliding type and tension type,as well as two combination modes of collapse trough and parallel.The spatial distribution law of surface cracks in Yushenfu mining area is relatively unified,the performance characteristics of surface cracks are different, and has a negative correlation with the ratio of mining depth to mining thickness.The surface cracks induced by very shallow coal seam mining,shallow coal seam mining and medium-deep coal seam mining have the dynamic law of lagging mining position 1.0m,advanced mining position 8.5m and lagging mining position 30.14m,respectively and the relationship between the lag distance of surface cracks and the ratio of mining depth to mining thickness is a function of polynomials.The characteristic of width of boundary cracks and forward slope cracks in working face was increasing until stable.Different from the boundary cracks,the characteristic of width of the reverse slope cracks was increases first and then decreases,and the width of the cracks in the flat area in working face increases first,then decreases,and then increases.The average activity time was 3.7 to 7.0 days.The crack with the activity of "opening first and then closing"is controlled by the dynamic evolution of overlying rock structure,and the fracture with the activity of"only opening and then closing"and "opening first and then closing"were controlled by surface dynamic evolution,However,the activity mechanism of slope fracture is closely related to slope slip.The research results can provide theoretical guidance for surface crack control and ecological restoration in Yushenfu mining area. Keywrds:Coal Mining.Surface crak Development aw Formation mechanism:Yushenfu mining area 煤矿区生态环境保护和提升是近年来研究的重点和热点)，而地表裂缝作为煤矿区最常见的 一种矿山地质灾害，逐渐成为通内外学者的研究焦点闪。采煤诱发的地表裂缝是覆岩运移和土体 变形的耦合作用结果人其发生发育特征与采煤工艺、开采地质条件以及开采参数等密切相关。目前， 在地表裂缝发育规律和形成机理方面取得了一定的研究成果。胡振琪等揭示了风积沙区采煤地表 裂缝超期发育和“型动态发育特征：徐祝贺等圆研究了浅埋大采高工作面开采对地表损伤的影 响，揭示了双洞期+双稳定”的地表裂缝动态发育规律：戴华阳等揭示了神东矿区浅埋高强度 开采工作面地表裂缝全生命周期活动特点：侯恩科等山利用无人机遥感影像成功获取了中埋深煤 层开采地表裂缝平面展布特征，并对比了卫星遥感影像和无人机遥感影像在裂缝识别中的优缺点： Zhou Dawei等2阐述了地表裂缝“M”型活动特征机理，其认为覆岩双关键层不同时序破断是控 制地表裂缝发生“M”型活动的关键：王云广等从地表水平变形的角度推算出了土体变形“拉 伸-压缩”定性分析了地表裂缝“开裂-闭合”的活动过程：陈超等总结了我国地表裂缝形成机理 现状，分别阐述了不同类型裂缝的形成机理，并指出了研究方向。 榆神府矿区是陕北一个重要的原煤产地，煤炭资源储量丰富、含煤面积约27140k,煤层赋存 稳定，地质构造相对简单，适宜规模化机械开采。近年来，榆神府矿区开采规模和强度越来越大， 但该区地质环境脆弱，煤层开采地质条件变化较大、由南向北开采深度逐渐减小，且整体地貌由风2) Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Geological Support for Coal Green Exploitation Xi’an 710054 China; 3) Xi’an Research Institute，China Coal Technology and Engineering Group Corp， Xi’an 710077，China;; 4) College of Mapping Science and Technology, Xi′an University of Science and Technology，Xi′an 710054，China;. 5) Shenmu Ningtiaota Coal Mining Company Ltd， Shenmu, Shaanxi 719300，China; 6) Shaanxi Yongxin Mining Limited Liability Company, Fugu Shaanxi 719400,China; 7) Shaanxi Xiaobaodang Mining Corporation Limited, Yu Lin Shaanxi 719302, China; ABSTRCT: Yushenfu mining area with large scale and high intensity is an important raw coal producing area in northern Shaanxi., but the fragile ecological environment makes the mine geological environment problems caused by coal mining particularly significant. In order to grasp the development law of surface cracks and reveal the formation mechanism caused by coal mining in Yushenfu mining area, the typical working faces of Anshan Coal Mine, Caragana Tower Coal Mine and 1# Coal Mine of Xiaobaodang in Yushenfu Mining area were taken as the research object to carry out the study. The results show that: the surface cracks can be divided into four types: step type, extrusion uplift type, sliding type and tension type, as well as two combination modes of collapse trough and parallel. The spatial distribution law of surface cracks in Yushenfu mining area is relatively unified, the performance characteristics of surface cracks are different, and has a negative correlation with the ratio of mining depth to mining thickness. The surface cracks induced by very shallow coal seam mining, shallow coal seam mining and medium-deep coal seam mining have the dynamic law of lagging mining position 1.0m, advanced mining position 8.5m and lagging mining position 30.14m, respectively and the relationship between the lag distance of surface cracks and the ratio of mining depth to mining thickness is a function of polynomials. The characteristic of width of boundary cracks and forward slope cracks in working face was increasing until stable. Different from the boundary cracks, the characteristic of width of the reverse slope cracks was increases first and then decreases, and the width of the cracks in the flat area in working face increases first, then decreases, and then increases. The average activity time was 3.7 to 7.0 days. The crack with the activity of "opening first and then closing" is controlled by the dynamic evolution of overlying rock structure, and the fracture with the activity of "only opening and then closing" and "opening first and then closing" were controlled by surface dynamic evolution，However，the activity mechanism of slope fracture is closely related to slope slip. The research results can provide theoretical guidance for surface crack control and ecological restoration in Yushenfu mining area. Keywords: Coal Mining; Surface cracks; Development law; Formation mechanism; Yushenfu mining area 煤矿区生态环境保护和提升是近年来研究的重点和热点[1-3]，而地表裂缝作为煤矿区最常见的 一种矿山地质灾害，逐渐成为了国内外学者的研究焦点[4’5]。采煤诱发的地表裂缝是覆岩运移和土体 变形的耦合作用结果，其发生发育特征与采煤工艺、开采地质条件以及开采参数等密切相关[6]。目前， 在地表裂缝发育规律和形成机理方面取得了一定的研究成果。胡振琪等[7]揭示了风积沙区采煤地表 裂缝超期发育和“M”型动态发育特征；徐祝贺等[8]研究了浅埋大采高工作面开采对地表损伤的影 响，揭示了“双周期+双稳定”的地表裂缝动态发育规律；戴华阳等[9]揭示了神东矿区浅埋高强度 开采工作面地表裂缝全生命周期活动特点；侯恩科等[10’11]利用无人机遥感影像成功获取了中埋深煤 层开采地表裂缝平面展布特征，并对比了卫星遥感影像和无人机遥感影像在裂缝识别中的优缺点 ； Zhou Dawei 等[12]阐述了地表裂缝“M”型活动特征机理，其认为覆岩双关键层不同时序破断是控 制地表裂缝发生“M”型活动的关键；王云广等[13]从地表水平变形的角度推算出了土体变形“拉 伸-压缩”定性分析了地表裂缝“开裂-闭合”的活动过程；陈超等[14]总结了我国地表裂缝形成机理 现状，分别阐述了不同类型裂缝的形成机理，并指出了研究方向。 榆神府矿区是陕北一个重要的原煤产地，煤炭资源储量丰富、含煤面积约 27140km2，煤层赋存 稳定，地质构造相对简单，适宜规模化机械开采[15]。近年来，榆神府矿区开采规模和强度越来越大， 但该区地质环境脆弱，煤层开采地质条件变化较大、由南向北开采深度逐渐减小，且整体地貌由风 录用稿件，非最终出版稿