Canadian Standards Association Design of concrete structures Contents Technical Committee on Reinforced Concrete Design xiv Preface x General 1 Fire resistance 1 1.3 Alternative design procedure Terminology 1 1.5 Units of measurement 1 2 Reference publications, definitions, symbols, and standard notation and calculations 2 2.1 Reference publications 2 Definitions 3 2.3 Symbols 10 2.4 Standard notation and calculations 20 2.4.1 Standard notation for loads and resistances 20 2.4.2 Standard notation for reinforcing bars 20 2.4.3 Bar diameter for calculations 21 3 Materials Reinforcement 2 3.2 Concrete and other materials 21 4 Concrete quality, mixing, and placement 22 4.1 Mixing and placement 22 5 Drawings and related documents 22 6 Formwork, falsework, embedded pipes, and construction joints 22 General 22 6.2 Embedded pipes and openings 22 6.3 Construction joints 23 7 Details of reinforcement 23 7.1 Hooks bends and headed bars 23 7.1.1 ener 7.1.2 Stirrups and ties 23 Crossties 23 Headed bars and studs 23 7,2 Placing of reinforcement 23 7.2.1 General 23 7.2.2 Draped fabric 23 Tolerances 24 pacing of reinforcement and tendons 24 Bars 24 Bundled bars 24 7.4.3 Pretensioning tendons 24 Post-tensioning tendons 25 Special details for columns and walls 25 December 2004December 2004 iii Contents © Canadian Standards Association Design of concrete structures Technical Committee on Reinforced Concrete Design xiv Preface xvii 1 Scope 1 1.1 General 1 1.2 Fire resistance 1 1.3 Alternative design procedures 1 1.4 Terminology 1 1.5 Units of measurement 1 2 Reference publications, definitions, symbols, and standard notation and calculations 2 2.1 Reference publications 2 2.2 Definitions 3 2.3 Symbols 10 2.4 Standard notation and calculations 20 2.4.1 Standard notation for loads and resistances 20 2.4.2 Standard notation for reinforcing bars 20 2.4.3 Bar diameter for calculations 21 3 Materials 21 3.1 Reinforcement 21 3.2 Concrete and other materials 21 4 Concrete quality, mixing, and placement 22 4.1 Quality 22 4.2 Mixing and placement 22 5 Drawings and related documents 22 6 Formwork, falsework, embedded pipes, and construction joints 22 6.1 General 22 6.2 Embedded pipes and openings 22 6.3 Construction joints 23 7 Details of reinforcement 23 7.1 Hooks, bends, and headed bars 23 7.1.1 General 23 7.1.2 Stirrups and ties 23 7.1.3 Crossties 23 7.1.4 Headed bars and studs 23 7.2 Placing of reinforcement 23 7.2.1 General 23 7.2.2 Draped fabric 23 7.3 Tolerances 24 7.4 Spacing of reinforcement and tendons 24 7.4.1 Bars 24 7.4.2 Bundled bars 24 7.4.3 Pretensioning tendons 24 7.4.4 Post-tensioning tendons 25 7.5 Special details for columns and walls 25