THOMAS er aL:DESIGN.DEVELOPMENT.AND COMMISSIONING OF A SCADA LABORATORY FOR RESEARCH AND TRAINING 1587 model.The stepper motor has been mounted over the autotrans- of the parameters is maintained in the system.No external cir- former and can be driven by the operator console with pulse cuit/device is employed for this function as all the data coming inputs. from the DPU is already time stamped. A 3-phase resistive-inductive/capacitive load has been de- All the graphics as mentioned earlier have been designed in signed and developed to act as the power system load.Voltage an exact imitation of the actual field devices and their layout. and current transducers as well as contactors are connected be- The actual monitoring of the field is done through the Digivis tween the transmission line and the load to measure the voltage module of the software.The graphics are highly interactive and drop in the transmission line and also to perform switching op- easy to understand. erations of the load.The reactive and capacitive compensation A few of the experiments to be performed in the SCADA lab of the line during full load and light load conditions are clearly include on-line study and simulation of: demonstrated using the careful variation of the capacitive and 1)3-phase transmission line. inductive loads. 2)SOE fault diagnostics. Energy analyzer:A three-phase energy analyzer has been 3)Autotransformer tap positions connected to the incoming 3-phase supply through the Modbus 4)Static VAR compensation and Ferranti effect. module to the system.It can monitor up to 25 parameters and 5)Sub-station monitoring. is currently configured for the frequency,3 phase currents (a,I,Ic).three phase voltages (Va:V,Ve),power factor, real power and reactive power.It directly measures the phase VI.CONCLUSION and a neutral voltage,frequency,phase currents and computes other quantities such as voltage between lines,phase power The SCADA/EMS Laboratory has been designed and com- factors,phase active and reactive energies and three phase missioned to facilitate the understanding of real time monitoring system energies etc control of systems for Electrical Engineering students and professionals.The Laboratory is first of its kind where the stu- dents will get hands on experience on the on-line monitoring and control of the Electric Power System.The laboratory was con- V.COMMISSIONING ceived and designed after extensive consultation with Industries and utilities.The components of SCADA systems,master sta- Commissioning of the laboratory involved the following main tion,RTU,different communication channels and a variety of tasks: field equipments are available in the laboratory.The data ac- physical wiring of the devices; quisition is with time stamping,which will lead to sequence ·grounding; of events monitoring.A 3-phase transmission line model with ·tag allocation; on-load tap changer and static VAR are the highlights of the software customization: field equipments.The laboratory gets on-line data from the 11 ·graphic design. KV substation feeding the Faculty of Engineering.The labo- Once all the field devices including the transmission line ratory has two engineering stations and four operator stations model were finalized and obtained in the laboratory,the main at present,with 216 input/output units,which can be expanded task was to connect them to the DPU and provide proper to 1000.Overall,this laboratory will provide the undergraduate grounding schemes.The connection of the various analog and and postgrauduate students with a better understanding of indus- digital devices to the different input/output channels in the trial SCADA systems,especially as SCADA systems at present DPU has already been described in Sections II-IV.Ferrules are proprietary items of each company.It is proposed to add re- bearing the appropriate tags have been attached to all the dundant data highway using fiber optic cable soon. wires connecting the devices to the I/O channels,for easy The SCADA Laboratory will be primarily used for regular identification and tracing,in case any change has to be made. research and training programs for the benefit of Faculty and The entire system has been earthed as per industrial standards. students of Jamia,in order to give them hands on experience Tag allocation for various devices was an easy task as memory on SCADA systems.Another major emphasis is on doing in- mapping in the system is automatic and a device connected to dustrial consultancy and research for the benefit of Industrial the appropriate channel is identified by the system on its own houses.In addition,there will be regular training programs for and the users can provide the tag of their own choice. practicing engineers on SCADA systems.The courses will be Software customization was done by generating Functional modular and would suit both practicing and fresh engineers. Block Diagrams(FBD)for each of the field devices and then ap- Overall,the SCADA lab designing and implementation was a plying the appropriate logic.Audio and visual alarms were set challenging,passionate and fruitful experience. to indicate different conditions in the devices for,e.g.,when the transmission line current exceeds a particular limit,both audio ACKNOWLEDGMENT and visual alarms are generated.Graphical trends were gener- ated for constant monitoring of the different parameter changes The authors wish to thank S.Kumar,General Manager,ESPL. with time.Different parameters such as voltage,current,fre- for the necessary advice from time to time in implementation of quency etc.have been plotted in different colors for easy moni- this project.Thanks are also due to M/s ABB and M/s Industrial toring.Apart from the trends,a second by second record for each IT solutions for the help rendered.THOMAS et al.: DESIGN, DEVELOPMENT, AND COMMISSIONING OF A SCADA LABORATORY FOR RESEARCH AND TRAINING 1587 model. The stepper motor has been mounted over the autotrans￾former and can be driven by the operator console with pulse inputs. A 3-phase resistive-inductive/capacitive load has been de￾signed and developed to act as the power system load. Voltage and current transducers as well as contactors are connected be￾tween the transmission line and the load to measure the voltage drop in the transmission line and also to perform switching op￾erations of the load. The reactive and capacitive compensation of the line during full load and light load conditions are clearly demonstrated using the careful variation of the capacitive and inductive loads. Energy analyzer: A three-phase energy analyzer has been connected to the incoming 3-phase supply through the Modbus module to the system. It can monitor up to 25 parameters and is currently configured for the frequency, 3 phase currents , three phase voltages , power factor, real power and reactive power. It directly measures the phase and a neutral voltage, frequency, phase currents and computes other quantities such as voltage between lines, phase power factors, phase active and reactive energies and three phase system energies etc. V. COMMISSIONING Commissioning of the laboratory involved the following main tasks: • physical wiring of the devices; • grounding; • tag allocation; • software customization; • graphic design. Once all the field devices including the transmission line model were finalized and obtained in the laboratory, the main task was to connect them to the DPU and provide proper grounding schemes. The connection of the various analog and digital devices to the different input/output channels in the DPU has already been described in Sections II–IV. Ferrules bearing the appropriate tags have been attached to all the wires connecting the devices to the I/O channels, for easy identification and tracing, in case any change has to be made. The entire system has been earthed as per industrial standards. Tag allocation for various devices was an easy task as memory mapping in the system is automatic and a device connected to the appropriate channel is identified by the system on its own and the users can provide the tag of their own choice. Software customization was done by generating Functional Block Diagrams (FBD) for each of the field devices and then ap￾plying the appropriate logic. Audio and visual alarms were set to indicate different conditions in the devices for, e.g., when the transmission line current exceeds a particular limit, both audio and visual alarms are generated. Graphical trends were gener￾ated for constant monitoring of the different parameter changes with time. Different parameters such as voltage, current, fre￾quency etc. have been plotted in different colors for easy moni￾toring. Apart from the trends, a second by second record for each of the parameters is maintained in the system. No external cir￾cuit/device is employed for this function as all the data coming from the DPU is already time stamped. All the graphics as mentioned earlier have been designed in an exact imitation of the actual field devices and their layout. The actual monitoring of the field is done through the Digivis module of the software. The graphics are highly interactive and easy to understand. A few of the experiments to be performed in the SCADA lab include on-line study and simulation of: 1) 3-phase transmission line. 2) SOE & fault diagnostics. 3) Autotransformer tap positions. 4) Static VAR compensation and Ferranti effect. 5) Sub-station monitoring. VI. CONCLUSION The SCADA/EMS Laboratory has been designed and com￾missioned to facilitate the understanding of real time monitoring & control of systems for Electrical Engineering students and professionals. The Laboratory is first of its kind where the stu￾dents will get hands on experience on the on-line monitoring and control of the Electric Power System. The laboratory was con￾ceived and designed after extensive consultation with Industries and utilities. The components of SCADA systems, master sta￾tion, RTU, different communication channels and a variety of field equipments are available in the laboratory. The data ac￾quisition is with time stamping, which will lead to sequence of events monitoring. A 3-phase transmission line model with on-load tap changer and static VAR are the highlights of the field equipments. The laboratory gets on-line data from the 11 KV substation feeding the Faculty of Engineering. The labo￾ratory has two engineering stations and four operator stations at present, with 216 input/output units, which can be expanded to 1000. Overall, this laboratory will provide the undergraduate and postgrauduate students with a better understanding of indus￾trial SCADA systems, especially as SCADA systems at present are proprietary items of each company. It is proposed to add re￾dundant data highway using fiber optic cable soon. The SCADA Laboratory will be primarily used for regular research and training programs for the benefit of Faculty and students of Jamia, in order to give them hands on experience on SCADA systems. Another major emphasis is on doing in￾dustrial consultancy and research for the benefit of Industrial houses. In addition, there will be regular training programs for practicing engineers on SCADA systems. The courses will be modular and would suit both practicing and fresh engineers. Overall, the SCADA lab designing and implementation was a challenging, passionate and fruitful experience. ACKNOWLEDGMENT The authors wish to thank S. Kumar, General Manager, ESPL, for the necessary advice from time to time in implementation of this project. Thanks are also due to M/s ABB and M/s Industrial IT solutions for the help rendered