ceiling and a straw-covered floor.There nobles met with vassals, carried the laws and said their prayer.By the twelfth century manor 2.The Church houses were made of stone and designed as fortresses.They came to Christianity had spread throughout the Roman world and the be called castles.Medieval Europe was dotted with castles.For Church had set up its own government by the time the Western instance in Germany alone there were as many as 10 000 castles. Roman Empire fell.As time went by differences in practices as well Near the manor stood a small village of wood and dirt cottages as in beliefs arose between the Church in the western Mediterranean with thatched roof.The village was surrounded by forests, areas and the Church in the eastern Mediterranean area.They even meadows,pastures,and fields.Most village had a church,mill, did not use the same language.After 1054,the Church was divided bread oven,and wine press.At the centre of the manor stood the into the Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church. church. In order to develop a civilization based on Christianity,the Catholic Church made Latin the official language and helped to preserve and c.Knighthood and Code of Chivalry pass on the heritage of the Roman Empire. Almost all nobles were knights in the Medieval days.But no one was born a knight-knighthood had to be earned.The training was a.The Organization of Church both long and hard.A noble began his education as a page at the age In the medieval "age of faith",almost all Europeans belonged to of seven.He was taught to say his prayers,learned good manners the Christian (Catholic)Church.Religion was of great importance in and ran errands for the ladies.At about fourteen,the page became a virtually every phase of daily life.The word "catholic",meant squire or assistant to a knight who became his master.He was taught "universal".The Catholic Church was a highly centralized and the duties of a knight and practised using a sword,lance and shield. disciplined international organization,as was pointed out in the He went into battle with his master.If the squire proved to be a good following: fighter,he would be made a knight at a special ceremony known as dubbing.As a knight,he was pledged to protect the weak,to fight "We are compelled,out faith urging us,to believe and to for the church,to be loyal to his lord and to respect women of noble hold-and we do firmly believe and simply confess-that birth.These rules were known as code of chivalry,from which the there is one holy catholic and apostolic Church,outside of which western idea of good manners developed. there is neither salvation nor remission of sins....In this Knight trained for war by fighting each other in mock battles Church there is one Lord,one faith,and one baptism.There called tournaments.The contestants and their horses often got killed was one ark of Noah,indeed,at the time of flood,symbolizing and injured.Yet in spite of the cost these tournaments were festive one Church;and this being finished in one cubit had,namely, occasions that drew all the people around. one Noah as helmsman and commander.And,with the 94 95 提 释周野常不子