M2-the mass of the product M1-represents the mass of the critical element or CE M3-represents the mass of the outer container Kl- the linear spring constant of the sprint-mass system representing the critical element k2 -the linear spring constant of the cushion system Assumptions for simplicity: a. ignore the mass of the outer container and assume that it provides no spring action b the cushion has no mass or damping and suffers no permanent deflection from a shock; C the product-package system impacts a perfectly rigid floor; d. the mass of the critical element is negligible compared to the mass of the product In Figure 13.6, the impact of a product-package:◼ M2 - the mass of the product ◼ M1- represents the mass of the critical element or CE ◼ M3 - represents the mass of the outer container ◼ kl - the linear spring constant of the sprint-mass system representing the critical element ◼ k2 - the linear spring constant of the cushion system Assumptions for simplicity: a. ignore the mass of the outer container and assume that it provides no spring action; b. the cushion has no mass or damping and suffers no permanent deflection from a shock; c. the product-package system impacts a perfectly rigid floor; d., the mass of the critical element is negligible compared to the mass of the product. In Figure 13.6, the impact of a product-package: