Kinetic model ( bGK-type ?x籽f=W?籐fq Distribution function f= f(x, x, t) Particel velocity Equilibrium: eq- fx,W(x,t),J(x,1),…J Conserved variables Flux Example eq = fu 2pRT)3+Ky2 exp Maxwell (standard BGK) ERT (1-Pr) c xq cc Shakhoy model 5pRT Rt ES eXpc語? ES model det(2pL) LE E RT# Kinetic model (BGK-type) 1 eq t f f f f t ? 籽 = W ? - 轾 x 臌 f f t = ( , , ) x x Distribution function Particel velocity [ , ( , ), ( , ),...] eq eq Equilibrium: f f t t = x W x J x Conserved variables Flux Example: 2 (3 )/ 2 exp (2 ) 2 eq M K c f f R T R T r p + 轾 = = -犏犏臌 Maxwell (standard BGK) 2 1 (1 P r) 5 5 eq S M c f f f pR T R T 殒 鳄 犏 × ç ÷ = = + - - ? 犏 çç桫 ÷ 臌 c q Shakhov model ES model 1 exp det (2 ) 2 eq ES f f r p 轾 = = -犏 譒 ? L 犏臌 c c 1 1 P r ij ij ij R T d s 骣ç ÷ L = + - ? çç桫 ÷