Ill.Charles I -The second Civil War of 1648,which ended with Cromwell's victory at Preston in August On 20 January,Charles was charged with high treason "against the realm of England" ◆ Charles refused to plead 淘III. Charles I ▪ The second Civil War of 1648, which ended with Cromwell's victory at Preston in August ▪ On 20 January, Charles was charged with high treason “against the realm of England”. ▪ Charles refused to plead