工程科学学报，第40卷，第9期：1017-1026,2018年9月 Chinese Journal of Engineering,Vol.40,No.9:1017-1026,September 2018 D0I:10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2018.09.001:http:/journals.ustb.e.cn 炼钢过程中合金减量化研究现状及展望 包燕平四，张超杰，王敏 北京科技大学钢铁治金新技术国家重点实验室，北京100083 ☒通信作者，E-mail:baoyp@usth.edu.cn 摘要综述了炼钢过程中合金减量化的研究现状，分别从合金的基本物理化学特征、合金的加入工艺和炼钢工艺三大方面 讨论了合金收得率的研究进展情况.重点介绍了合金粉化控制技术、合金在真空条件下的损失控制技术、合金的熔化控制技 术和合金替代技术的应用，为炼钢过程中的合金减量化研究提供借鉴.合金减量化技术的应用前景非常可观，合金的损失途 径和损失机理研究、合金的结构设计、合金的替代技术和合金的管理管控技术可以作为炼钢过程中合金减量化研究的重点 方向. 关键词炼钢：铁合金：减量化：收得率：耗量 分类号TF7 Situation and prospect on investigation of ferroalloy reduction during steelmaking BAO Yan-ping,ZHANG Chao-jie,WANG Min State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China Corresponding author,E-mail:baoyp@ustb.edu.cn ABSTRACT As China steel industry continues to face more prominent overcapacity and environmental pollution problems,reduction of ferroalloy continues to attract more attention as a cost reduction and efficiency improvement method.In this paper,the current re- search status of ferroalloy reduction was summarized.Advancements on ferroalloy reduction were discussed from three aspects:ferroal- loy physical and chemical characteristics,ferroalloy addition technique,and steelmaking process.The control technique of ferroalloy self-powdering,loss encountered under vacuum conditions during ferroalloy utilization,melting of ferroalloy in molten steel,and alter- native techniques were introduced.These techniques can serve as a reference for ferroalloy reduction during steelmaking.The shape, physical,and chemical properties as well as complex structure affect the yield of ferroalloy during steelmaking.The manner of ferroalloy addition,sequence and time of ferroalloy addition were summarized and contrasted.Self-powdering and bitterness-powdering of ferroal- loys are difficult problems during the utilization of these alloys,and should be controlled at the initial usage of ferroalloys.Powdered and volatile ferroalloys easily encounter loses under vacuum conditions,and better utilization can be realized by lowering the vacuum conditions,as it can lead to a low flow speed of the argon in the vacuum chamber and reduce the volatility rate of the elements in vola- tile ferroalloys.In addition,ferroalloys with different densities and granularities have different melting time and movement tracks.Large ferroalloys with a low density have a long melting time and easily float between molten steel and slag,which can cause ferroalloy oxida- tion.Therefore,the yields obtained using ferroalloys with different densities and granularities are different.Ferroalloys of different structures and granularities should be designed to optimize yields.The application of ferroalloy reduction techniques has extensive pros- pect.Investigation of the mechanism of ferroalloy loss,structural design of ferroalloys,as well as alternative techniques and control techniques should be key research areas in ferroalloy reduction during steelmaking. KEY WORDS steelmaking:ferroalloy:reduction:yield;consumption 收稿日期：2017-0801 基金项目：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51404022)：钢铁治金新技术国家重点实验室自主基金资助项目(41614014)工程科学学报，第 40 卷，第 9 期: 1017--1026，2018 年 9 月 Chinese Journal of Engineering，Vol． 40，No． 9: 1017--1026，September 2018 DOI: 10． 13374 /j． issn2095--9389． 2018． 09． 001; http: / /journals． ustb． edu． cn 炼钢过程中合金减量化研究现状及展望 包燕平，张超杰，王 敏 北京科技大学钢铁冶金新技术国家重点实验室，北京 100083 通信作者，E-mail: baoyp@ ustb． edu． cn 摘 要 综述了炼钢过程中合金减量化的研究现状，分别从合金的基本物理化学特征、合金的加入工艺和炼钢工艺三大方面 讨论了合金收得率的研究进展情况． 重点介绍了合金粉化控制技术、合金在真空条件下的损失控制技术、合金的熔化控制技 术和合金替代技术的应用，为炼钢过程中的合金减量化研究提供借鉴． 合金减量化技术的应用前景非常可观，合金的损失途 径和损失机理研究、合金的结构设计、合金的替代技术和合金的管理管控技术可以作为炼钢过程中合金减量化研究的重点 方向． 关键词 炼钢; 铁合金; 减量化; 收得率; 耗量 分类号 TF7 收稿日期: 2017--08--01 基金项目: 国家自然科学基金资助项目( 51404022) ; 钢铁冶金新技术国家重点实验室自主基金资助项目( 41614014) Situation and prospect on investigation of ferroalloy reduction during steelmaking BAO Yan-ping ，ZHANG Chao-jie，WANG Min State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy，University of Science and Technology Beijing，Beijing 100083，China Corresponding author，E-mail: baoyp@ ustb． edu． cn ABSTＲACT As China steel industry continues to face more prominent overcapacity and environmental pollution problems，reduction of ferroalloy continues to attract more attention as a cost reduction and efficiency improvement method． In this paper，the current re￾search status of ferroalloy reduction was summarized． Advancements on ferroalloy reduction were discussed from three aspects: ferroal￾loy physical and chemical characteristics，ferroalloy addition technique，and steelmaking process． The control technique of ferroalloy self-powdering，loss encountered under vacuum conditions during ferroalloy utilization，melting of ferroalloy in molten steel，and alter￾native techniques were introduced． These techniques can serve as a reference for ferroalloy reduction during steelmaking． The shape， physical，and chemical properties as well as complex structure affect the yield of ferroalloy during steelmaking． The manner of ferroalloy addition，sequence and time of ferroalloy addition were summarized and contrasted． Self-powdering and bitterness-powdering of ferroal￾loys are difficult problems during the utilization of these alloys，and should be controlled at the initial usage of ferroalloys． Powdered and volatile ferroalloys easily encounter loses under vacuum conditions，and better utilization can be realized by lowering the vacuum conditions，as it can lead to a low flow speed of the argon in the vacuum chamber and reduce the volatility rate of the elements in vola￾tile ferroalloys． In addition，ferroalloys with different densities and granularities have different melting time and movement tracks． Large ferroalloys with a low density have a long melting time and easily float between molten steel and slag，which can cause ferroalloy oxida￾tion． Therefore，the yields obtained using ferroalloys with different densities and granularities are different． Ferroalloys of different structures and granularities should be designed to optimize yields． The application of ferroalloy reduction techniques has extensive pros￾pect． Investigation of the mechanism of ferroalloy loss，structural design of ferroalloys，as well as alternative techniques and control techniques should be key research areas in ferroalloy reduction during steelmaking． KEY WOＲDS steelmaking; ferroalloy; reduction; yield; consumption