26.1 Introduction 26.2 Carriers and channels form water soluble paths through the membrane 26.3 Ion channels are selective 26.4 Neurotransmitters control channel activity 26.5 G proteins may activate or inhibit target proteins 266G proteins function by dissociation of the trimer 26. 7 Growth factor receptors are protein kinases 26. 8 Receptors are activated by dimerization 26.9 Receptor kinases activate signal transduction pathways 26.10 The Ras/MAPK pathway 26.11 The activation of Ras 26 12 Activating MAP kinase pathways 26. 13 What determines specificity in signaling 26 14 Cyclic AMP and activation of CreB 26. 15 The JAK-Stat pathway 26. 16TGFb signals through Smads 26.17 Structural subunits can be messengers 消当26.1 Introduction 26.2 Carriers and channels form water soluble paths through the membrane 26.3 Ion channels are selective 26.4 Neurotransmitters control channel activity 26.5 G proteins may activate or inhibit target proteins 26.6 G proteins function by dissociation of the trimer 26.7 Growth factor receptors are protein kinases 26.8 Receptors are activated by dimerization 26.9 Receptor kinases activate signal transduction pathways 26.10 The Ras/MAPK pathway 26.11 The activation of Ras 26.12 Activating MAP kinase pathways 26.13 What determines specificity in signaling? 26.14 Cyclic AMP and activation of CREB 26.15 The JAK-STAT pathway 26.16 TGFb signals through Smads 26.17 Structural subunits can be messengers