4. Bacterial Infection 1. Normal human microbiota(Role of the resident microbiota, and Microbiota Pathogenesis locations in the human body) Opportunistic 1. How should we identify a 2. Virulence of bacteria, bacterial virulence factors and their pathogen Nosocomial pathogen responsible for an regulation, (exotoxin, endotoxin, and their contribution to infections Opportunistic infection 2. Summary the differences 3. Infection process(development, and outcomes Virulence of bacteria between the endotoxins and 4. Modes of infectious d isease transmission Adhesion 5. Nosocomial infections and their prevention Penetration 6. Bacteria biofilm formation and biofilm associated diseases Invasiveness/spread 3. How we control nosocomial infections? Exotoxin Endotoxin Do you know the difference the terms Compromised host following. bacteremia Bacterial biofilm Septicemia, Pyemia, koch’ s postulates Toxemia, Endotoxemia. Why Transmission we should understand it? Outbreak, Epidemic Disease/treatment/prevention Pandemic 5. Why there are no effective antibiotics for biofilm associated diseases? Then4 4.Bacterial Infection & Pathogenesis 1．Normal human microbiota (Role of the resident microbiota, and locations in the human body) 2．Virulence of bacteria, bacterial virulence factors and their regulation , (exotoxin, endotoxin, and their contribution to pathogenesis) 3．Infection process (development, and outcomes) 4．Modes of infectious disease transmission 5．Nosocomial infections and their prevention 6．Bacteria biofilm formation and biofilm associated diseases Microbiota Opportunistic pathogen Nosocomial infections Opportunistic infection Virulence of bacteria Adhesion Penetration Invasiveness/spread Exotoxin Endotoxin Carrier Compromised host Bacterial biofilm Koch’s postulates Transmission Outbreak, Epidemic, Pandemic 1. How should we identify a pathogen responsible for an infectious disease (Koch’s ) 2. Summary the differences between the endotoxins and exotoxins 3. How we control nosocomial infections? 4. Do you know the difference the terms as following: Bacteremia , Septicemia, Pyemia, Toxemia, Endotoxemia. Why we should understand it? Disease/treatment/prevention 5. Why there are no effective antibiotics for biofilm associated diseases? Then what we should do?