Overcoming the problems Several writing systems have been developed which are more concerned with how a word sounds than with how it has traditionally been spelled 1. Shorthand systems(e.g, Pitman shorthand) 2. Traditional dictionary keys 3. Informal transcription conventions 4. Specialized alphabets, e.g George Bernard Shaw's 'Proposed English Alphabet the International Phonetic AlphabetOvercoming the Problems • Several writing systems have been developed which are more concerned with how a word sounds than with how it has traditionally been spelled. 1.Shorthand systems (e.g., Pitman shorthand) 2.Traditional dictionary keys 3.Informal transcription conventions 4.Specialized alphabets, e.g., – George Bernard Shaw's 'Proposed English Alphabet' – the International Phonetic Alphabet