Unfixed dna will lead to mutation and diseases. For example, if there are damages to critical genes, such as the tumor suppressor genes, this can cause the gene to malfunction, and may increase the chance of tumor formation. There are many ways which DNa can be repaired, such as nucleotide excision repair (ner) photoreactivation or base excision repair (ber). When an area of dna is damaged, NEr recognizes and locates the damage site. The next step is ner unwinds the lesion, forming a bubble around the damaged dnA. ner will then opens the dna with verification of lesion, incisive of dna by 3 and then by 5 removing the lesion at the same time. Once the previous step is done, ner fills the gap with new dna synthesis and dna ligase joins the gap to gether. With those steps, new dna are generated from time to time. In Xeroderma pigmentosa, individuals are not able to repair damaged DNA caused by ultraviolet light(UV), so therefore the unrepaired dNA can easily e mutated which later on complicates things up. These skin abnormalities are the result of defects in the nucleotide excision repair (ner). The nucleotide excision repair is a dna repair mechanism that specifically protects against mutations. NER is particularly important because this DNA repair mechanism prevent undesired mutations by removing damaged dna caused by Uv light. Everyday, people go out, to school, to work, grocery shopping and so on, and everyday the Uv light is damaging parts DNA, so it would be a tough challenge to stay unexposed to the Uv light. Luckily, the nucleotide excision repair does the job and complete repair the uv-damaged DNA On the other hand, patients with Xeroderma Pigmentosum are notable to do this. When more and more parts of dNa are being damaged by the UV light and left unrepaired One of the most common complications in any XP patients is the development of cancer cells. People who suffer from Xeroderma Pigmentosum have a nearly 100% risk of developing skin cancers. Eye cancers and cancer in other parts of the body can also be developed, but not as common as skin cancers. XP patients who are under 20 years old have a greater chance of getting skin cancer. How great? Compare to a healthy teenage kid, teenage XP patient have 1,000 more chances of developing skin cancer. According to a medical article the median age onset of nonmelanoma skin cancer at 8 year old. Although Xeroderma Pigmentosum is a very serious genetic incurable disease, there are many management methods to help those patients suffer less One of the most common and simple methods is to reduce exposure to the sun This can be done by wearing sunglasses, long sleeves, long pants, optical filtration. However, this method is only effective with patients who are considered in mild cases. There is also a medication that XP patients can take to reduce the number of keratins on the skin this slows down the risk to xp patient developing cancer. In very serious cases, XP patients sometimes will have to wear a"UV-Protective Suit. This suit filter 100 percent UV-light. By wearing this suit, XP patients will be able to go outside the house more. Unfortunately, there is no current permanentcure. Patients who tested positive for Xeroderma Pigmentosum should focus more on how to deal other complications that might happen in the future. XP patients should conside going to frequent body check-up, especially to dermatologist, to check for skin cancer, and also ophthalmologist for eye complicationsUnfixed DNA will lead to mutation and diseases. For example, if there are damages to critical genes, such as the tumor suppressor genes, this can cause the gene to malfunction, and may increase the chance of tumor formation. There ar e many ways which DNA can be repaired, such as nucleotide excision repair (NER), photoreactivation or base excision repair (BER). When an area of DNA is damaged, NER recognizes and locates the damage site. The next step is NER unwinds the lesion, forming a bubble around the damaged DNA. NER will then opens the DNA with verification of lesion, incisive of DNA by 3’ and then by 5’ removing the lesion at the same time. Once the previous step is done, NER fills the gap with new DNA synthesis and DNA ligase joins the gap together. With those steps, new DNA are generated from time to time. In Xeroderma pigmentosa, individuals are not able to repair damaged DNA caused by ultraviolet light (UV), so therefore the unrepaired DNA can easily be mutated, which later on complicates things up. These skin abnormalities are the result of defects in the nucleotide excision repair (NER). The nucleotide excision repair is a DNA repair mechanism that specifically protects against mutations. NER is particularly important because this DNA repair mechanism prevent undesired mutations by removing damaged DNA caused by UV light. Everyday, people go out, to school, to work, grocery shopping and so on, and everyday the UV light is damaging parts DNA, so it would be a tough challenge to stay unexposed to the UV light. Luckily, the nucleotide excision repair does the job and complete repair the UV-damaged DNA. On the other hand, patients with Xeroderma Pigmentosum are not able to do this. When more and more parts of DNA are being damaged by the UV light and left unrepaired, mutation occurs. One of the most common complications in any XP patients is the development of cancer cells. People who suffer from Xeroderma Pigmentosum have a nearly 100% risk of developing skin cancers. Eye cancers and cancer in other parts of the body can also be developed, but not as common as skin cancers. XP patients who are under 20 years old have a greater chance of getting skin cancer. How great? Compare to a healthy teenage kid, teenage XP patient have 1,000 more chances of developing skin cancer. According to a medical article, the median age onset of nonmelanoma skin cancer at 8 year old. Although Xeroderma Pigmentosum is a very serious genetic incurable disease, there are many management methods to help those patients suffer less. One of the most common and simple methods is to reduce exposure to the sun. This can be done by wearing sunglasses, long sleeves, long pants, optical filtration. However, this method is only effective with patients who are considered in mild cases. There is also a medication that XP patients can take to reduce the number of keratins on the skin, this slows down the risk to XP patient developing cancer. In very serious cases, XP patients sometimes will have to wear a “ UV-Protective Suit”. This suit filter 100 percent UV-light. By wearing this suit, XP patients will be able to go outside the house more. Unfortunately, there is no current permanent cure. Patients who tested positive for Xeroderma Pigmentosum should focus more on how to deal with other complications that might happen in the future. XP patients should consider going to frequent body check-up, especially to dermatologist, to check for skin cancer, and also ophthalmologist for eye complications