F=G-pv=U-TS dF=-SdT-pdv+ udn F=FT,V, n) OF OF OF aT v. n T. n n丿r,y 3.巨热力势 J=F-un=F-G=-py dJ=-SdT- pdy-ndu J=J/(7,V,p) aJ J aT , TV3. 巨热力势 J = F − n = F −G = − pV dJ = −SdT − pdV − nd J = J (T,V, ) T V J n ,           = − T V ,   J S         = − V T ,  J p         = − F = G − pV =U −TS dF = −SdT − pdV + dn F = F(T,V, n) n T V F ,          = T V n F S ,         = − V T n F p ,         = −