PHANTUMVANIT ET AL WILEY TABLE 1 Percentage of children with one or more treated/untreated caries lesions and mean number of dft/ dmft among children"in countries where the income category did not change from 1999 to 2015 eated/untreated Income category Mean dft (dmft) d (% f(% AFRO 2002 82 Low income AFRO Uganda A34555234 793 65 Lower middle income EMRo Syrian Arab Republic 2009 61 Lower middle SEARo Sri Lanka 2002-200365 3.5 1999 Lower middle WPRo Philippines 1999 85 74 3010 1001 Lower middle income WPRo Philippines 990 Lower middle income WPRo 2011 Upper middle income PAHo Mexico 2008 4.2 5 Upper middle income WPRo Malaysia 52005 High income High income EMRo Kuwait 52004 686 8813 High income EMRo United Arab Emirates 2001-20028 Denmark 2014 High income EURO Finland 2009 0.3 100 EURO High income 34 High income EURo Ireland(fluori 5552455545 2001-200237 8 High income EURO Ireland(non-fluoridated 2001-200255 High income URO 20 的23 08 18 High income EURO Italy 2012 EURO Norway High income EURO Sweden 3 High income EURo Switzerland 2003 EURO United Kingdom 31 (England, Wales and NI) High income PAHO Bahamas 5 1999-200058 24 High income PAHO Canada(Ontario) 2006 WPRO 2003-2004 High income WPRO Australia 5 2009 1.8 6128 High income 2012 WPRO Japan 3 2011 0.6 High income WPRo New zealand 2-42009 High income WPRo New Zealand 2013 High income VPRO 2005 High income Children under the age of six. WHO region AFRO: African region, EMRO: Easter Mediterranean region, EURO: Euro region, PAHO: American region SearO:SouthEastregionWpro;WesternPacificregionDatafromhttps://www.mahse/capp/country-oral-health-profiles/according-to-wHo-rE gions/. Accessed March 5, 2017. free sugars to <10% of their total energy intake. a further reduction intakes of free sugars threaten the nutrient quality of diets by pro- to below 5% is suggested to protect oral health throughout life and viding substantial energy without specific nutrients. 8 It was recog ovide additional health benefits. moreover. for countries wit ized that controlling free sugars intake has positive influences on low intake of free sugars, levels should not be increased. higher both oral health and general health, through the prevention offree sugars to <10% of their total energy intake. A further reduction to below 5% is suggested to protect oral health throughout life and provide additional health benefits. Moreover, for countries with a low intake of free sugars, levels should not be increased. Higher intakes of free sugars threaten the nutrient quality of diets by pro￾viding substantial energy without specific nutrients.28 It was recog￾nized that controlling free sugars intake has positive influences on both oral health and general health, through the prevention of TABLE 1 Percentage of childrena with one or more treated/untreated caries lesions and mean number of dft/dmft among childrena in countries where the income category did not change from 1999 to 2015 Income category WHO region Country Age Year Children with one or more treated/untreated caries lesions (%) Mean dft (dmft) d (%) f (%) Low income AFRO Uganda 3 2002 45 1.7 82 4 Low income AFRO Uganda 4 2002 59 2.4 79 3 Low income AFRO Uganda 5 2002 65 3.1 68 4 Lower middle income EMRO Syrian Arab Republic 5 2009 61 3.3 85 12 Lower middle income SEARO Sri Lanka 5 2002-2003 65 3.5 94 3 Lower middle income WPRO Philippines 2 1999 59 4.2 100 0 Lower middle income WPRO Philippines 3 1999 85 7.4 100 1 Lower middle income WPRO Philippines 4 1999 90 8.8 99 0 Lower middle income WPRO Philippines 5 2011 88 5.6 100 0 Upper middle income PAHO Mexico 1-4 2008 – 4.2 95 5 Upper middle income WPRO Malaysia 5 2005 76 5.6 95 4 High income EMRO Kuwait 4 2004 68 3.7 92 8 High income EMRO Kuwait 5 2004 76 4.8 88 13 High income EMRO United Arab Emirates 5 2001-2002 83 5.1 – 6 High income EURO Denmark 5 2014 – 0.4 75 25 High income EURO Finland 5 2009 61 0.3 100 – High income EURO Greece 2-3 2005 – 1.9 100 – High income EURO Greece 4-5 2005 – 3.4 97 – High income EURO Ireland (fluoridated area) 5 2001-2002 37 1.3 85 8 High income EURO Ireland (non-fluoridated area) 5 2001-2002 55 2.2 82 5 High income EURO Israel 5 2007 65 3.3 82 15 High income EURO Italy 4 2004 22 0.8 80 18 High income EURO Italy 5 2012 63 1.4 – – High income EURO Norway 5 2003 36 1.4 – – High income EURO Sweden 3 2011 4 – –– High income EURO Switzerland 2 2003 13 4.3 – – High income EURO United Kingdom (England, Wales and Nl) 5 2013 31 0.9 89 11 High income PAHO Bahamas 5 1999-2000 58 2.4 92 4 High income PAHO Canada (Ontario) 5 2006 – 1.5 – – High income WPRO Australia 4 2003-2004 38 1.7 76 12 High income WPRO Australia 5 2009 42 1.8 61 28 High income WPRO Brunei Darussalam 3 2012 39 2 – – High income WPRO Brunei Darussalam 5 2012 59 3.9 – – High income WPRO Japan 3 2011 25 0.6 100 – High income WPRO New Zealand 2-4 2009 20 0.8 50 38 High income WPRO New Zealand 5 2013 43 1.9 – – High income WPRO Singapore 3-4 2005 26 0.7 86 14 High income WPRO Singapore 4-5 2005 37 1.4 93 7 a Children under the age of six. WHO region AFRO; African region, EMRO; Easter Mediterranean region, EURO; Euro region, PAHO; American region, SEARO; South East region, WPRO; Western Pacific region, Data from https://www.mah.se/CAPP/Country-Oral-Health-Profiles/According-to-WHO-Re gions/. Accessed March 5, 2017. PHANTUMVANIT ET AL. | 283