+ 00A(a)=02.. D,(a)= a(a+1).0 (a+1)0又 D;()=[A(2)=2(+1)*所以，A(α)的不变因子为：D(a)a(a+1)d,(2)=D(a)=1, d,(a)D,(a)D,(a)d.(a)== 2(a+1)°D,(a)88.3不变因子§8.3 不变因子 ( ) ( ) 2  = + D    1 . 又 ( ) ( ) ( ) 3 2 3 D A     = = + 1 . 所以， A( ) 的不变因子为 ： ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 2 1 1 2 1 1, 1 , D d D d D        = = = = + ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 2 3 3 2 1 . D d D      = = + ( ) 2 2 0 0 ( ) 0 0 0 0 1 A        +   =     +  