Contents I Basic quantum mechanics 1 1 Introduction 1.1 The quantum behavior of the electron 1.11 Diffraction and interference visualizing the quan 1.1.2 The and identity of atoms 13 12 tum mechanic 80 From the theory of specific heat to Planck's formula 9 132 The photoelectric effect 14 1.2. Bohr's atomic model 1.2.4 The Bohr-Sommerfeld quantization condition: de Broglie's wave Further reading 18 Guide to the Supplements 18 Problems 19 Numerical analyses 2 Quantum mechanical laws 2.1 Quantum states 21 2.1.1 Composite systems 24 2.1.2 Photon polarization and the statistical nature of mechanics 24 22 The ur princip 26 2.3 The fundame 23 Theprojlectionoperatoramdstatevectorredtction 3 He oductsof operators,commutators,and compat- ible observables 2.3.4 The position operator,the momentum operator, fundamental commutators,and Heisenberg's rela- tion 3 2.3.5 Heisenberg's relations 2.4 The Schrodinger equation 37 2.4.1 More about the Schrodinger equations 3 2.4.2 The Heisenberg picture 40 The continuous spectr 40 951 The delta function 41 2.52 Ort