王尚等：热轧带钢氧化铁皮拉伸开裂行为 ·1545· 控制带钢应变取值范围在0.14%~0.16%间.特别是 在750mm不锈钢生产线的应用.中国冶金，2013,23(6)： 基于磨料冲击的非酸洗除鳞工艺，过大的应变并不会 50) 增加裂纹密度，反而增加系统能耗，同时还会导致部分 [10]Wang JG,Li T Q.Research on the descaling function of tension leveler.Shanghai Metal,1999,21(1):12 氧化铁皮剥离基体，这样势必会引起磨料流直接冲击 (王建国，李同庆.拉矫机破鳞原理的研究.上海金属， 带钢基体表面，引起不必要的金属消耗 1999,21(1):12) [11]Wang J G,Li T Q.Mechanical analysis of stretching and 4结论 straightening deformation processes of strip steel.Shanghai Met- (1)氧化铁皮物相组成主要为Fe,0,、Fe,0,和Fe, l,1998,20(5):35 (王建国.李同庆.带钢拉矫变形过程的力学分析.上海金 其中含有少量的F0,结构致密且与基体结合较好，厚 属.1998.20(5)：35) 度约为10um:张力作用下产生的裂纹方向大致与张 [12]Li T Q.Study on stretch-bend levelling theory and technology of 力方向垂直，释去应力后裂纹宽度大约为2.5um,纹 the pickling tension leveler.Metall Equip,2011(1):19 路工整，裂纹内散布着开裂时剥落的碎屑. (李同庆.拉弯矫直理论和酸洗拉矫机工艺设定的研究.冶 金设备，2011(1)：19) (2)张力作用下试样初期裂纹的产生是由氧化层 [13]Evans H E.Cracking and spalling of protective oxide layers.Ma- 内部缺陷生长导致的，随着应变增加，无缺陷处氧化层 ter Sci Eng A,1989,120-121:139 应变达到临界应变并发生开裂.随着应变增加试样表 [14]Robertson J,Manning M I.Limits to adherence of oxide scales 面氧化铁皮裂纹条数增加呈先慢，后快，再慢的规律， Mater Sci Technol,1990,6(1):81 初生裂纹对应的应变为0.05%，当应变大于0.15%裂 [15]Nagl MM,Evans W T.The mechanical failure of oxide scales 纹条数增加极为缓慢，这是由于裂纹条数增多后导致 under tensile or compressive load.J Mater Sci,1993,28(23): 6247 “负载区”变形量分配率η明显变小 [16]Chaudhuri S K,Rolls R.Fracture mechanisms in oxide scale on iron during substrate deformation.J Mater Sci,1977,12(11): 参考文献 2303 [1]Gleeson B,Hadavi S MM,Young D J.Isothermal transformation [17]Zhang Q D,Huang L W,Wu B,et al.Experimental research on behavior of thermally-grown wustite.Mater High Temp,2000,17 the surface scale of hot rolled steel strip.Shanghai Metal,2000, (2):311 22(5):32 [2]Schwerdtfeger K,Zhou S X.A contribution to scale growth during (张清东，黄纶伟，吴彬，等.热轧带钢表面氧化层实测分 hot rolling of steel.Steel Res Int,2003,74(9):538 析.上海金属，2000,22(5)：32) [3]Wang Y J,Dong H J.Mu H L,et al.Analysis on scale micro- [18]Bian D P,Zhou C L,Li Z X,et al.Study on theory of descaling structure of coiled hot rolled strip.China Metall,2007,17(10): by tension-bending leveler.Mech Eng Autom,2013(6):86 40 (卞大鹏，周存龙，李中喜，等.拉弯矫直机破鳞机理的研 (王银军，董汉君，穆海玲，等.卷取后的热轧带钢氧化铁皮 究.机械工程与自动化，2013(6)：86) 显微分析.中国治金，2007,17(10)：40) [19]He Y Q,Jia T,Liu Z Y,et al.Fracture behavior of surface ox- [4]Wu Z M.Formation causes of scale of hot-rolled strip and its ide scale in cold rolling.J Northeastern Univ Nat Sci,2013,34 countermeasures.Steel Roll,2007,24(3):56 (7):948 (吴祝民.热轧带钢氧化铁皮的成因及对策.轧钢，2007,24 (何永全，贾涛，刘振宇，等.氧化铁皮在冷轧过程中的断裂 (3):56) 行为.东北大学学报（自然科学版），2013,34(7)：948) [5]Dong H J,Wang Y J.Factors influencing pickling quality and [20]Le H R,Sutcliffe M P F,Wang P Z,et al.Surface oxide frac- speed of oxide scale on hot rolled strip.Mater Mech Eng,2009, ture in cold aluminium rolling.Acta Mater,2004,52(4):911 33(3):83 [21]Chen R Y,Yeun W Y D.Review of the high-temperature oxida- (董汉君，王银军.影响热轧带钢氧化铁皮酸洗质量和速度的 tion of iron and carbon steels in air or oxygen.Oxid Metal, 因素.机械工程材料，2009,33(3)：83) 2003,59(56):433 [6]Melster S,Pargmann A.Stretch bending levelers in pickling [22]Gu Q D,Dong C F,Li X G,et al.Corrosion behavior and struc- lines.Iron Steel Eng,1995,72(2):37 ture of oxide scales formed on hot rolled strips after coiling with [7]Voges K C.Mueth A R.Method of Producing Rust Inhibitive Sheet different oxygen supplies.JUniv Sci Technol Beijing,2009.31 Metal through Scale Removal with a Slurry Blasting Descaling (12):1564 Cell:US Patent.US8128460.2012-3-6 (顾其德，董超芳，李晓刚，等.卷曲后供氧差异对热轧带钢 [8]Voges K.Mueth A.Lehane B,et al.Eco-pickled surface:an en- 氧化皮组织及耐蚀性的影响.北京科技大学学报，2009,31 vironmentally advantageous alternative to conventional acid pick- (12):1564) ling.Iron Steel Technol,2008,4(8):81 [23]Kanninen M F,Popelar C H.Adranced Fracture Mechanics.New [9]Dai JT,Li X W,Yu F,et al.Development and application of York:Oxford University Press,Oxford:Clarendon Press,1985 descaling system without acid on 750 mm stainless steel strip.Chi- [24]Liu H W.Mechanics of Materials (1).4th Ed.Beijing:Higher na Metall,2013,23(6):50 Education Press,2004 (戴杰涛，李湘文，喻峰，等.带材无酸除鳞系统的开发及其 (刘鸿文.材料力学I.4版.北京：高等教育出版社，2004)王 尚等: 热轧带钢氧化铁皮拉伸开裂行为 控制带钢应变取值范围在 0郾 14% ~ 0郾 16% 间. 特别是 基于磨料冲击的非酸洗除鳞工艺,过大的应变并不会 增加裂纹密度,反而增加系统能耗,同时还会导致部分 氧化铁皮剥离基体,这样势必会引起磨料流直接冲击 带钢基体表面,引起不必要的金属消耗. 4 结论 (1)氧化铁皮物相组成主要为 Fe3O4 、Fe2O3和 Fe, 其中含有少量的 FeO,结构致密且与基体结合较好,厚 度约为 10 滋m;张力作用下产生的裂纹方向大致与张 力方向垂直,释去应力后裂纹宽度大约为 2郾 5 滋m,纹 路工整,裂纹内散布着开裂时剥落的碎屑. (2)张力作用下试样初期裂纹的产生是由氧化层 内部缺陷生长导致的,随着应变增加,无缺陷处氧化层 应变达到临界应变并发生开裂. 随着应变增加试样表 面氧化铁皮裂纹条数增加呈先慢,后快,再慢的规律, 初生裂纹对应的应变为 0郾 05% ,当应变大于 0郾 15% 裂 纹条数增加极为缓慢,这是由于裂纹条数增多后导致 “负载区冶变形量分配率 浊n明显变小. 参 考 文 献 [1] Gleeson B, Hadavi S M M, Young D J. Isothermal transformation behavior of thermally鄄grown w俟stite. Mater High Temp, 2000, 17 (2): 311 [2] Schwerdtfeger K, Zhou S X. A contribution to scale growth during hot rolling of steel. Steel Res Int, 2003, 74(9): 538 [3] Wang Y J, Dong H J, Mu H L, et al. Analysis on scale micro鄄 structure of coiled hot rolled strip. China Metall, 2007,17(10): 40 (王银军, 董汉君, 穆海玲, 等. 卷取后的热轧带钢氧化铁皮 显微分析. 中国冶金, 2007, 17(10): 40) [4] Wu Z M. Formation causes of scale of hot鄄rolled strip and its countermeasures. Steel Roll, 2007, 24(3): 56 (吴祝民. 热轧带钢氧化铁皮的成因及对策. 轧钢, 2007, 24 (3): 56) [5] Dong H J, Wang Y J. Factors influencing pickling quality and speed of oxide scale on hot rolled strip. Mater Mech Eng, 2009, 33(3): 83 (董汉君, 王银军. 影响热轧带钢氧化铁皮酸洗质量和速度的 因素. 机械工程材料, 2009, 33(3): 83) [6] Melster S, Pargmann A. Stretch bending levelers in pickling lines. Iron Steel Eng, 1995, 72(2): 37 [7] Voges K C, Mueth A R. Method of Producing Rust Inhibitive Sheet Metal through Scale Removal with a Slurry Blasting Descaling Cell: US Patent, US8128460. 2012鄄鄄3鄄鄄6 [8] Voges K, Mueth A, Lehane B, et al. Eco鄄pickled surface: an en鄄 vironmentally advantageous alternative to conventional acid pick鄄 ling. Iron Steel Technol, 2008, 4(8): 81 [9] Dai J T, Li X W, Yu F, et al. Development and application of descaling system without acid on 750 mm stainless steel strip. Chi鄄 na Metall, 2013, 23(6): 50 (戴杰涛, 李湘文, 喻峰, 等. 带材无酸除鳞系统的开发及其 在 750 mm 不锈钢生产线的应用. 中国冶金, 2013, 23(6): 50) [10] Wang J G, Li T Q. Research on the descaling function of tension leveler. Shanghai Metal, 1999, 21(1): 12 (王建国, 李同庆. 拉矫机破鳞原理的研究. 上海金属, 1999, 21(1): 12) [11] Wang J G, Li T Q. Mechanical analysis of stretching and straightening deformation processes of strip steel. Shanghai Met鄄 al, 1998, 20(5): 35 (王建国, 李同庆. 带钢拉矫变形过程的力学分析. 上海金 属, 1998, 20(5): 35) [12] Li T Q. Study on stretch鄄bend levelling theory and technology of the pickling tension leveler. Metall Equip, 2011(1): 19 (李同庆. 拉弯矫直理论和酸洗拉矫机工艺设定的研究. 冶 金设备, 2011(1): 19) [13] Evans H E. Cracking and spalling of protective oxide layers. Ma鄄 ter Sci Eng A, 1989, 120鄄121: 139 [14] Robertson J, Manning M I. Limits to adherence of oxide scales. Mater Sci Technol, 1990, 6(1): 81 [15] Nagl M M, Evans W T. The mechanical failure of oxide scales under tensile or compressive load. J Mater Sci, 1993, 28(23): 6247 [16] Chaudhuri S K, Rolls R. Fracture mechanisms in oxide scale on iron during substrate deformation. J Mater Sci, 1977, 12(11): 2303 [17] Zhang Q D, Huang L W, Wu B, et al. Experimental research on the surface scale of hot rolled steel strip. Shanghai Metal, 2000, 22(5): 32 (张清东, 黄纶伟, 吴彬, 等. 热轧带钢表面氧化层实测分 析. 上海金属, 2000, 22(5): 32) [18] Bian D P, Zhou C L, Li Z X, et al. Study on theory of descaling by tension鄄bending leveler. Mech Eng Autom, 2013(6): 86 (卞大鹏, 周存龙, 李中喜, 等. 拉弯矫直机破鳞机理的研 究. 机械工程与自动化, 2013(6): 86) [19] He Y Q, Jia T, Liu Z Y, et al. Fracture behavior of surface ox鄄 ide scale in cold rolling. J Northeastern Univ Nat Sci, 2013, 34 (7): 948 (何永全, 贾涛, 刘振宇, 等. 氧化铁皮在冷轧过程中的断裂 行为. 东北大学学报(自然科学版), 2013, 34(7): 948) [20] Le H R, Sutcliffe M P F, Wang P Z, et al. Surface oxide frac鄄 ture in cold aluminium rolling. Acta Mater, 2004, 52(4): 911 [21] Chen R Y, Yeun W Y D. Review of the high鄄temperature oxida鄄 tion of iron and carbon steels in air or oxygen. Oxid Metal, 2003, 59(5鄄6): 433 [22] Gu Q D, Dong C F, Li X G, et al. Corrosion behavior and struc鄄 ture of oxide scales formed on hot rolled strips after coiling with different oxygen supplies. J Univ Sci Technol Beijing, 2009, 31 (12): 1564 (顾其德, 董超芳, 李晓刚, 等. 卷曲后供氧差异对热轧带钢 氧化皮组织及耐蚀性的影响. 北京科技大学学报, 2009, 31 (12): 1564) [23] Kanninen M F, Popelar C H. Advanced Fracture Mechanics. New York: Oxford University Press, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1985 [24] Liu H W. Mechanics of Materials (I). 4th Ed. Beijing: Higher Education Press, 2004 (刘鸿文. 材料力学玉. 4 版. 北京: 高等教育出版社, 2004) ·1545·