TO THE STUDENT Who the book is for The book is intended for more advanced students of English. It is written mainly as a self-study book, but might also be used in class with a teacher. It revises some of the more difficult points of grammar that you will have already studied- such as when to use the, afan or no article, and when to use the past simple or the present perfect- but will also introduce you to many more features of English grammar appropriate to an advanced level of study. How the book is organised There are 120 units in the book. Each one looks at a particular area of grammar. Some sections within each unit focus on the use of a grammatical pattern, such as will be t -ing(as in will be travelling). Others explore grammatical contrasts, such as whether to use would or used to to report past events, or when we use because or because of. The 120 units are grouped under a number of headings such as Tenses and Modals. You can find details of this in the Contents on Pp. lll Each unit consists of two pages On the left-hand page are explanations and examples; on the right are practice exercises. The letters next to each exercise show you which sections of the left hand page you need to understand to do that exercise. You can check your answers in the Key on page 289. The Key also comments on some of the answers. Four Appendices tell you about information you need there is an Index at the back of the book. Although terms to describe d the passive verb form, quotation, irregular verbs and Typical Errors(see below). To help you fin grammar have been kept to a minimum some have been included, and you can find explanations of these terms in the Glossary on page 265 On each left-hand page you will find a number of symbols. These are included to show the kinds of mistakes that students often make concerning the grammar point being explained. These Typical Errors are given in Appendix 4 on page 246, together with a correction of the error, and an explanation where it is helpful. The symbol im is used to show you when it might be useful to consult a dictionary. On the explanation pages it is placed next to lists of words that follow a particular grammatical pattern and on the exercise pages it is used, for example, to show where it necessary to understand what particular words mean in order to do the exercise. Good English-English dictionaries include the e English, the Oxford Advanced Learners Dictionary, and the Collins Cobuild English language Howto use the book It is not necessary to work through the units in order. If you know what grammar points you have ifficulty with the units that deal with them. You can use the Index to help you find the relevant unit or units. If you are unsure which units to study, use the Study Guide on page 280 You can use the units in a number of ways. You might study the explanation and examples first, do the exercises on the opposite page, check your answers in the key, and then look again at the explanations if you made any mistakes. If you just want to rammar point you think you already know, you could do the exercises first and then study the explanations for any you got wrong. You might of course simply use the book as a reference book without doing the A number of Additional Exercises are included for further practice of particular areasTO THE STUDENT Who the book is for The book is intended for more advanced students of English. It is written mainly as a self-study book, but might also be used in class with a teacher. It revises some of the more difficult points of grammar that you will have already studied - such as when to use the, a/an or no article, and when to use the past simple or the present perfect - but will also introduce you to many more features of English grammar appropriate to an advanced level of study. How the book is organised There are 120 units in the book. Each one looks at a particular area of grammar. Some sections within each unit focus on the use of a grammatical pattern, such as will be + -ing (as in will be travelling). Others explore grammatical contrasts, such as whether to use would or used to to report past events, or when we use because or because of. The 120 units are grouped under a number of headings such as Tenses and Modals. You can find details of this in the Contents on pp. iii-vi. Each unit consists of two pages. On the left-hand page are explanations and examples; on the right are practice exercises. The letters next to each exercise show you which sections of the left￾hand page you need to understand to do that exercise. You can check your answers in the Key on page 289. The Key also comments on some of the answers. Four Appendices tell you about passive verb form, quotation, irregular verbs and Typical Errors (see below). To help you find the information you need there is an Index at the back of the book. Although terms to describe grammar have been kept to a minimum some have been included, and you can find explanations of these terms in the Glossary on page 265. л On each left-hand page you will find a number of • symbols. These are included to show the kinds of mistakes that students often make concerning the grammar point being explained. These Typical Errors are given in Appendix 4 on page 246, together with a correction of the error, and an explanation where it is helpful. The symbol Й?я is used to show you when it might be useful to consult a dictionary. On the explanation pages it is placed next to lists of words that follow a particular grammatical pattern, and on the exercise pages it is used, for example, to show where it necessary to understand what particular words mean in order to do the exercise. Good English-English dictionaries include the Cambridge International Dictionary of English, the Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English, the Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary, and the Collins Cobuild English Language Dictionary. How to use the book It is not necessary to work through the units in order. If you know what grammar points you have difficulty with, go straight to the units that deal with them. You can use the Index to help you find the relevant unit or units. If you are unsure which units to study, use the Study Guide on page 280. You can use the units in a number of ways. You might study the explanation and examples first, do the exercises on the opposite page, check your answers in the key, and then look again at the explanations if you made any mistakes. If you just want to revise a grammar point you think you already know, you could do the exercises first and then study the explanations for any you got wrong. You might of course simply use the book as a reference book without doing the exercises. A number of Additional Exercises are included for further practice of particular areas of grammar. VII I