SCENCNNEWS A www.advancedsciencenews.com ww.afm-journalde cannot work specifically and efficiently to achieve intended electrical charge being able to be controlled simultaneously via tissue regeneration. 7 Moreover, accurate control of the dosage application of a remote magnetic field, u thereby effectively pro- and effective working area of the external magnetoelectric viding a controllable local magnetoelectric environment. Cel timulation is difficult to achieve Is Therefore recapitulating lular behavior is known to be influenced by diurnal variations the natural magnetic and /or electric microenvironment at the in the magnetoelectric environment, which have been studied wound/injury site by implanted biomaterials is an alternative by simulating diurnal geomagnetic variations in geomagnetic strategy to modulate cellular and tissue biological processes for storms. 2 Hence, to mutually couple electric and magnetic achieving optimal bone regeneration outcome, and to precisely field effects and control their diurnal shifting are critical con control the in situ microenvironment for conducive tissue siderations for developing built-in biomaterials to mimic the regenerationI9 Biomaterials such as magnetic nanoparticles or in situ magnetoelectric microenvironment for the purpose of piezoelectric microfibers can separately provide the local mag. promoting tissue regeneration. Previous studies have shown letic or electrical field independently for tissue regeneration. sa that the surface potential of piezoelectric materials will typically Nevertheless, this limits the synergy of electrical and mag. decline by 40-50% after implantation. I] Through application of netic stimuli, which is necessary to optimize natural cellular a remote direct current(DC)magnetic field, the magnetoelec function. n1o ric materials can theoretically adjust and maintain the surface Magnetoelectric materials exhibit a unique combination of potential after implantation.(Figure la) Beside maintaining magnetism and electric polarization, with magnetization and the surface potential, the application of an external remote dC a Bone defect D MSCs RGD--FN-lIl . New bone K Osteogenic differentiation of MSCs e. M2 macrophage P/VDF- TrFE)matrix Negative charge stration of magnetoelectric effects and biological effects of CFO /P(VDF-TrFE) magnetoelectric nanocomposite membranes. a)Once a to the nanocomposite membrane, strain in the magnetostrictive phase is induced. ransmitted to the piezoelectric change in electrical polarization. b) Remote tuning of CFO/P(VDF-TrFE)magneto anocomposite membranes vi macrophage polarization, and Adw. Funct Mater. 2020. 2006226 2006226(2of1) g 2020 Wiley-VCH GmbHwww.advancedsciencenews.com www.afm-journal.de 2006226 (2 of 11) © 2020 Wiley-VCH GmbH cannot work specifically and efficiently to achieve intended tissue regeneration.[7] Moreover, accurate control of the dosage and effective working area of the external magnetoelectric stimulation is difficult to achieve.[8] Therefore, recapitulating the natural magnetic and/or electric microenvironment at the wound/injury site by implanted biomaterials is an alternative strategy to modulate cellular and tissue biological processes for achieving optimal bone regeneration outcome, and to precisely control the in situ microenvironment for conducive tissue regeneration.[9] Biomaterials such as magnetic nanoparticles or piezoelectric microfibers can separately provide the local mag￾netic or electrical field independently for tissue regeneration.[9a] Nevertheless, this limits the synergy of electrical and mag￾netic stimuli, which is necessary to optimize natural cellular function.[10] Magnetoelectric materials exhibit a unique combination of magnetism and electric polarization, with magnetization and electrical charge being able to be controlled simultaneously via application of a remote magnetic field,[11] thereby effectively pro￾viding a controllable local magnetoelectric environment. Cel￾lular behavior is known to be influenced by diurnal variations in the magnetoelectric environment, which have been studied by simulating diurnal geomagnetic variations in geomagnetic storms.[12] Hence, to mutually couple electric and magnetic field effects and control their diurnal shifting are critical con￾siderations for developing built-in biomaterials to mimic the in situ magnetoelectric microenvironment for the purpose of promoting tissue regeneration. Previous studies have shown that the surface potential of piezoelectric materials will typically decline by 40–50% after implantation.[13] Through application of a remote direct current (DC) magnetic field, the magnetoelec￾tric materials can theoretically adjust and maintain the surface potential after implantation. (Figure 1a) Beside maintaining the surface potential, the application of an external remote DC Figure 1. Illustration of magnetoelectric effects and biological effects of CFO/P(VDF-TrFE) magnetoelectric nanocomposite membranes. a) Once a magnetic field is applied to the nanocomposite membrane, strain in the magnetostrictive phase is induced, which is transmitted to the piezoelectric constituent, leading to a change in electrical polarization. b) Remote tuning of CFO/P(VDF-TrFE) magnetoelectric nanocomposite membranes via application of an external DC magnetic field promotes bone regeneration by enhancing FN adsorption, RGD exposure, macrophage polarization, and osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2020, 2006226