CONTENTS INTRODUCTION A. Types of Material Balance Problems B. Historical Perspective CONSERVATION OF MASS A. Control volumes B. Holdup or Inventor C. Material Balance Basis D. Material balances I. PROCESSES The Concept of a process Basic processing functions C. Unit Operatic Modes of process Operations IL. PROCESS MATERIAL BALANCES The Stream Summar B. Equipment Characterization IV. STEADY-STATE PROCESS MODELING 29 Linear Input-Output models Rigorous models V. STEADY-STATE MATERIAL BALANCE CALCULATIONS Sequential Modular BCD Simultaneous Design Specifications Optimization E. Ad Hoc methods VI. RECYCLE STREAMS AND TEAR SETS A. The Node incidence matrix B. Enumeration of tear sets VIL. SOLUTION OF LINEAR MATERIAL BALANCE MODELS A. Use of linear Equation Solvers B. Reduction to the tear set variables C. Design Specificationsi CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 1 A. Types of Material Balance Problems B. Historical Perspective I. CONSERVATION OF MASS 5 A. Control Volumes B. Holdup or Inventory C. Material Balance Basis D. Material Balances II. PROCESSES 13 A. The Concept of a Process B. Basic Processing Functions C. Unit Operations D. Modes of Process Operations III. PROCESS MATERIAL BALANCES 21 A. The Stream Summary B. Equipment Characterization IV. STEADY-STATE PROCESS MODELING 29 A. Linear Input-Output Models B. Rigorous Models V. STEADY-STATE MATERIAL BALANCE CALCULATIONS 33 A. Sequential Modular B. Simultaneous C. Design Specifications D. Optimization E. Ad Hoc Methods VI. RECYCLE STREAMS AND TEAR SETS 37 A. The Node Incidence Matrix B. Enumeration of Tear Sets VII. SOLUTION OF LINEAR MATERIAL BALANCE MODELS 45 A. Use of Linear Equation Solvers B. Reduction to the Tear Set Variables C. Design Specifications