Para.19 1.The increase in information and knowledge- based business is reducing the levels of middle management. information and knowledge-based:“以信息和知 识为基础的” -based与名词构成形容词，有两种意思：1)making use of“以…为基础的，利用…的”（如文中）； 2)operating or working from“总部在…的，设 在…的”，如：1. The increase in information and knowledge￾based business is reducing the levels of middle management. information and knowledge-based:“以信息和知 识为基础的” -based与名词构成形容词，有两种意思：1) making use of “以······为基础的，利用······的”(如文中)； 2) operating or working from “总部在······的，设 在······的”, 如： Para. 19