ways in which you can make yourself aware of your own bias.If an opinion contrar to your own makes you angry,that is a sign that you are subconsciously aware of having no good reason for thinking as you do. If someone maintains that two and two are five.or that Iceland is on the equator you feel pity rather than anger,unless you know so little of arithmetic or geography that his opinion shakes your own contrary conviction.The most savage controversies are thos abou matters as to which there is no good evidence either way.Persecuti is used in theology,not in arithmetic,because in theology there is only opinion.So whenever you find yourself getting angry about a difference of opinion,be on your guard;you will probably find,on examination,that your belief is going beyond what the evidence warrants. A good w urself of certain kinds of dogmatism is to becom f the people and th newspaper seem mad,perverse,and wicked,remind yourself that you seem so to them.In this opinion both parties may be right,but they cannot both be wrong.This reflection should generate a certain caution. For those who have enough psychological imagination,it is a good plan to imagine an argument with a pers n having a different bias.This has one adv antage and only one,as compared with actual conversation with opponents,this one advantage is that the method is not subject tothe same limitations of time and space. VI References 1.《大学英语听说V》(学生用书)，虞苏美，李慧琴主编，上海：上海外语教育 出版社，2006 2.《大学英语听说IV》(教师用书)，虞苏美，李慧琴主编，上海：上海外语教育 出版社，2006. 3.大学英语语法.薄冰主编.山西：山西教有出版社，2006. 4.大学英语实用语法讲解与练习.任福洪等主编.北京：国防工业出版社，2004 5.牛津高阶英汉双解词典（第六版）.牛津大学出版社，2004.ways in which you can make yourself aware of your own bias. If an opinion contrary to your own makes you angry, that is a sign that you are subconsciously aware of having no good reason for thinking as you do. If someone maintains that two and two are five, or that Iceland is on the equator, you feel pity rather than anger, unless you know so little of arithmetic or geography that his opinion shakes your own contrary conviction. The most savage controversies are those about matters as to which there is no good evidence either way. Persecution is used in theology, not in arithmetic, because in theology there is only opinion. So whenever you find yourself getting angry about a difference of opinion, be on your guard; you will probably find, on examination, that your belief is going beyond what the evidence warrants. A good way of ridding yourself of certain kinds of dogmatism is to become aware of opinions held in social circles different from your own. If the people and the newspaper seem mad, perverse, and wicked, remind yourself that you seem so to them. In this opinion both parties may be right, but they cannot both be wrong. This reflection should generate a certain caution. For those who have enough psychological imagination, it is a good plan to imagine an argument with a person having a different bias. This has one advantage, and only one, as compared with actual conversation with opponents; this one advantage is that the method is not subject to the same limitations of time and space. VI. References 1.《大学英语听说 IV》（学生用书），虞苏美，李慧琴主编，上海：上海外语教育 出版社，2006. 2.《大学英语听说 IV》（教师用书），虞苏美，李慧琴主编，上海：上海外语教育 出版社，2006. 3.大学英语语法. 薄冰 主编. 山西：山西教育出版社，2006. 4. 大学英语实用语法讲解与练习. 任福洪等主编. 北京：国防工业出版社，2004. 5. 牛津高阶英汉双解词典（第六版）. 牛津大学出版社，2004