Calcification of the valve immobilizes the leaflets and narrows the orifice lead to narrowing of the valve(fish mouth) e dilated left atrium (LA) o Thrombus frequently arise from LA in patients with atrial fibrillation(AF) Other causes: congenital,- malignant carcinoid, SLE, Amyloid, etc. 复旦大学附属中山医院 Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University @• Calcification of the valve immobilizes the leaflets and narrows the orifice •lead to narrowing of the valve (fish￾mouth) • dilated left atrium (LA) • Thrombus frequently arise from LA in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) • Other causes: congenital, malignant carcinoid, SLE, Amyloid, etc