1/26/2016 Treatment of Tuberculosis Tuberculosis Minimum of 6 months of drug therapy due to slow growth and dormancy 9 million develop TB annually:2 million die First-line drugs:isoniazid,ethambutol, 1/3 of the world's population infected Pyrazinamide,rifampin Leading cause of death for those with HIV Second-line drugs:aminoglycosides fluoroquinolones,para-aminoslicyclic acid (PAS) BCG vaccine:live culture of avirulent M. Multi-drug-resistant (MDR)strains:resistant bovis to first-line drugs -Not widely used in the United States due to Extensively drug-resistant (XDR)strains: questionable effectiveness resistant to second-line drugs Distribution of tuberculosis Distribution of tuberculosis 100.000 among Amerlcan ethnic groups in 2012 White 5 101520 Reported cases per 100,000 population 91/26/2016 9 Treatment of Tuberculosis • Minimum of 6 months of drug therapy due to slow growth and dormancy • First-line drugs: isoniazid, ethambutol, pyrazinamide, rifampin • Second-line drugs: aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, para-aminoslicyclic acid (PAS) • Multi-drug-resistant (MDR) resistant (MDR) strains strains resistant : resistant to first-line drugs • Extensively drug-resistant (XDR) strains: resistant to second-line drugs Tuberculosis • 9 million develop TB annually; 2 million die • 1/3 of the world's population infected • Leading cause of death for those with HIV • BCG vaccine: live culture of avirulent M. bovis – Not widely used in the United States due to questionable effectiveness Distribution of tuberculosis B. pertussis Distribution of tuberculosis