The Global Gender Gap Report 2015 is published by the TERMS OF USE AND DISCLAIMER World Economic Forum. The Global Gender Gap Report 2015 (herein:"Report")presents information and data that were compiled and/or collected by the AT THE WORLD ECONOMIC FORUM World Economic Forum (all information and data referred herein Professor Klaus Schwab as "Data").Data in this Report is subject to change without Founder and Executive Chairman notice. Richard Samans Head of the Centre for the Global Agenda, The terms country and nation as used in this report do not in all cases refer to a territorial entity that is a state as understood Member of the Managing Board by intemational law and practice.The term covers well-defined, Saadia Zahidi Head of Employment and Gender Initiatives, geographically self-contained economic areas that may not be states but for which statistical data are maintained on a separate Member of the Executive Committee Yasmina Bekhouche and independent basis Project Lead,Gender Parity Initiative Although the World Economic Forum takes every reasonable Paulina Padilla Ugarte step to ensure that the Data thus compiled and/or collected Specialist,Employment and Gender Initiatives is accurately reflected in this Report,the World Economic Vesselina Ratcheva Forum,its agents,officers,and employees:(i)provide the Data Data Analyst,Employment and Gender Parity Initiatives 'as is,as available"and without warranty of any kind,either express or implied,including,without limitation,warranties AT HARVARD UNIVERSITY of merchantability,fitness for a particular purpose and non- Professor Ricardo Hausmann infringement:(ii)make no representations,express or implied, Director of the Center for Intemnational Development(CID)and as to the accuracy of the Data contained in this Report or its Professor of the Practice of Economic Development at the suitability for any particular purpose:(ii)accept no liability for any Harvard Kennedy School. use of the said Data or reliance placed on it,in particular,for any interpretation,decisions,or actions based on the Data in this AT THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA,BERKELEY Report. Professor Laura D'Andrea Tyson Other parties may have ownership interests in some of the Director of the Institute for Business and Social Impact at Data contained in this Report.The World Economic Forum in the Haas School of Business and the chair of the Board of no way represents or warrants that it owns or controls all rights Trustees of the Blum Center for Developing Economies in all Data,and the World Economic Forum will not be liable to We are very grateful for the support of Valentina Stoevska, users for any claims brought against users by third parties in Rosina Gammarano,Kristen Sobeck,and Marie-Claire connection with their use of any Data. Sodergren at the ILO;Said Voffal,Amelie Gagnon,Friedrich The Worid Economic Forum,its agents,officers,and employees Huebler,and Chiao-Ling Chien at UNESCO;Kareen Jabre do not endorse or in any respect warrant any third-party at the IPU;Ann-Beth Moller,Retno Wahyu Mahanani and products or services by virtue of any Data,material,or content Jessica Chi Ying Ho at the WHO;Nathalie Delmas at the ITU: referred to or included in this Report Chris Clarke at OECD and Till Leopold,Valerie Peyre,Kristin Keveloh,and Lena Woodward at the World Economic Forum. Users shall not infringe upon the integrity of the Data and in particular shall refrain from any act of alteration of the Data that A special thank you to Michael Fisher for his excellent intentionally affects its nature or accuracy.If the Data is materially copyediting work and Neil Weinberg for his superb graphic transformed by the user,this must be stated explicitly along with design and layout.We greatly appreciate,too,the efforts of the required source citation. graphic design agency Grapheine,which created the cover. For Data compiled by parties other than the World Economic Thank you to Kamal Kamaoui and the World Economic Forum,users must refer to these parties'terms of use, Forum's Publications team for their invaluable collaboration in particular concerning the attribution,distribution,and on the production of this report. reproduction of the Data. World Economic Forum When Data for which the World Economic Forum is the source 91-93 route de la Capite (herein"World Economic Forum")is distributed or reproduced,it CH-1223 Cologny/Geneva must appear accurately and be attributed to the World Economic Switzerland Forum.This source attribution requirement is attached to any Tel:+410)228691212 use of Data,whether obtained directly from the World Economic Fax+41(0)227862744 Forum or from a user. E-mail:contact@weforum.org www.weforum.org Users who make World Economic Forum Data available to other users through any type of distribution or download environment @2015 World Economic Forum agree to make reasonable efforts to communicate and promote All rights reserved. compliance by their end users with these terms. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted Users who intend to sell World Economic Forum Data as in any form or by any means,including photocopying and part of a database or as a standalone product must first recording,or by any information storage and retrieval system. obtain the permission from the World Economic Forum 92-95044-41-X (genderparityprogramme@weforum.org). 978-92-95044-41-8 This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources.Printed and bound in Switzerland.The Global Gender Gap Report 2015 is published by the World Economic Forum. AT THE WORLD ECONOMIC FORUM Professor Klaus Schwab Founder and Executive Chairman Richard Samans Head of the Centre for the Global Agenda, Member of the Managing Board Saadia Zahidi Head of Employment and Gender Initiatives, Member of the Executive Committee Yasmina Bekhouche Project Lead, Gender Parity Initiative Paulina Padilla Ugarte Specialist, Employment and Gender Initiatives Vesselina Ratcheva Data Analyst, Employment and Gender Parity Initiatives AT HARVARD UNIVERSITY Professor Ricardo Hausmann Director of the Center for International Development (CID) and Professor of the Practice of Economic Development at the Harvard Kennedy School. AT THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY Professor Laura D’Andrea Tyson Director of the Institute for Business and Social Impact at the Haas School of Business and the chair of the Board of Trustees of the Blum Center for Developing Economies We are very grateful for the support of Valentina Stoevska, Rosina Gammarano, Kristen Sobeck, and Marie-Claire Sodergren at the ILO; Said Voffal, Amélie Gagnon, Friedrich Huebler, and Chiao-Ling Chien at UNESCO; Kareen Jabre at the IPU; Ann-Beth Moller, Retno Wahyu Mahanani and Jessica Chi Ying Ho at the WHO; Nathalie Delmas at the ITU; Chris Clarke at OECD and Till Leopold, Valerie Peyre, Kristin Keveloh, and Lena Woodward at the World Economic Forum. A special thank you to Michael Fisher for his excellent copyediting work and Neil Weinberg for his superb graphic design and layout. We greatly appreciate, too, the efforts of graphic design agency Graphéine, which created the cover. Thank you to Kamal Kamaoui and the World Economic Forum’s Publications team for their invaluable collaboration on the production of this report. World Economic Forum 91-93 route de la Capite CH-1223 Cologny/Geneva Switzerland Tel.: +41 (0)22 869 1212 Fax: +41 (0)22 786 2744 E-mail: contact@weforum.org www.weforum.org ©2015 World Economic Forum All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying and recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system. 92-95044-41-X 978-92-95044-41-8 This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. Printed and bound in Switzerland. TERMS OF USE AND DISCLAIMER The Global Gender Gap Report 2015 (herein: “Report”) presents information and data that were compiled and/or collected by the World Economic Forum (all information and data referred herein as “Data”). Data in this Report is subject to change without notice. The terms country and nation as used in this report do not in all cases refer to a territorial entity that is a state as understood by international law and practice. The term covers well-defined, geographically self-contained economic areas that may not be states but for which statistical data are maintained on a separate and independent basis. Although the World Economic Forum takes every reasonable step to ensure that the Data thus compiled and/or collected is accurately reflected in this Report, the World Economic Forum, its agents, officers, and employees: (i) provide the Data “as is, as available” and without warranty of any kind, either express or implied, including, without limitation, warranties of merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose and non￾infringement; (ii) make no representations, express or implied, as to the accuracy of the Data contained in this Report or its suitability for any particular purpose; (iii) accept no liability for any use of the said Data or reliance placed on it, in particular, for any interpretation, decisions, or actions based on the Data in this Report. Other parties may have ownership interests in some of the Data contained in this Report. The World Economic Forum in no way represents or warrants that it owns or controls all rights in all Data, and the World Economic Forum will not be liable to users for any claims brought against users by third parties in connection with their use of any Data. The World Economic Forum, its agents, officers, and employees do not endorse or in any respect warrant any third-party products or services by virtue of any Data, material, or content referred to or included in this Report. Users shall not infringe upon the integrity of the Data and in particular shall refrain from any act of alteration of the Data that intentionally affects its nature or accuracy. If the Data is materially transformed by the user, this must be stated explicitly along with the required source citation. For Data compiled by parties other than the World Economic Forum, users must refer to these parties’ terms of use, in particular concerning the attribution, distribution, and reproduction of the Data. When Data for which the World Economic Forum is the source (herein “World Economic Forum”) is distributed or reproduced, it must appear accurately and be attributed to the World Economic Forum. This source attribution requirement is attached to any use of Data, whether obtained directly from the World Economic Forum or from a user. Users who make World Economic Forum Data available to other users through any type of distribution or download environment agree to make reasonable efforts to communicate and promote compliance by their end users with these terms. Users who intend to sell World Economic Forum Data as part of a database or as a standalone product must first obtain the permission from the World Economic Forum (genderparityprogramme@weforum.org)