surroundings.以复数形式出现,指周围具体的,物质性的东西。 environment不用复数,是环境的总称,指特定的,能对人的发展产生影响的自然环境或生 活的环境条件。E. g. environmental protection circumstances:常为复数形式,1)强调动作或事情发生的环境或情况, Circumstances forced us to change our plans. 2)[pl]financial position e.g--What are his circumstances? -in easy/ poor circumstances, ie having much/ not enough money (idm)in/under the circumstances: this being the case in/under no circumstances in no case: never probe: examine closely - The police are probing(into) trading which breaks the law tick: --My watch doesn t tick because it is electric Tick away/ by: (of time) pass-Meanwhile the minutes kept ticking away Tick sth off: put a tick beside( an item ): -tick off the names of those present Tick over: (of an engine)idle: --l stopped the car but left the motor ticking over (of activities)continue in a routine way -Just try and keep things ticking over while I'm away obtain:表示经过相当长的时间或经过很大的努力,获得期望已久的东西 acquire:通过不断的学问慢慢获取“学问”“技术”等抽象的东西 gain:含义较 obtain进一层,表示付出更大的努力才能获得 -He was poor, whereas his sister was very wealthy competent: be competent for sth= be competent to do sth= be capable of doing sth. be able to 1)do or perform: fulfill a duty 2)supply or satisfy(a need, demand or requirement The company should be able to fulfill our requirements for product quality Detailed study of the text Para 1: What are the two elements that Americans save carefully? 1.. no one stands still Meaning: No one keeps motionless, everyone moves and advances Stand: V. Keep or stay in a particular position or state. For this sense,"stand is followed by adjectives or adjective-like phrases. It is used as a linking verb The room stands idle Still: not moving, calm, quiet Still waters run deep.流静水深,人静心深。 This word can also be used as a verb with a related meaning The food stilled the baby's cries fall behind 1)become bit by bit further behind fall behind in science- fall behind one's competitors 2)(with) fail to produce sth at the proper time fall behind with the rent I'm falling behind with my work; I must try to catch up result in cause4 surroundings:以复数形式出现，指周围具体的，物质性的东西。 environment 不用复数，是环境的总称，指特定的，能对人的发展产生影响的自然环境或生 活的环境条件。E.g. environmental protection circumstances:常为复数形式，1)强调动作或事情发生的环境或情况,Circumstances forced us to change our plans. 2)[pl]financial position e.g.--What are his circumstances? –in easy/ poor circumstances, ie having much / not enough money (idm) in / under the circumstances: this being the case in/ under no circumstances: in no case; never probe: examine closely --The police are probing (into) trading which breaks the law. tick: --My watch doesn’t tick because it is electric. Tick away/ by: (of time) pass—Meanwhile the minutes kept ticking away. Tick sth off: put a tick beside (an item):- tick off the names of those present Tick over: (of an engine) idle:--I stopped the car but left the motor ticking over. (of activities) continue in a routine way:--Just try and keep things ticking over while I’m away. obtain:表示经过相当长的时间或经过很大的努力，获得期望已久的东西。 acquire ：通过不断的学问慢慢获取“学问”“技术”等抽象的东西。 gain: 含义较 obtain 进一层，表示付出更大的努力才能获得 whereas: while --He was poor, whereas his sister was very wealthy. competent: be competent for sth = be competent to do sth = be capable of doing sth.= be able to do sth. fulfill: 1) do or perform: fulfill a duty 2) supply or satisfy (a need, demand or requirement) --The company should be able to fulfill our requirements for product quality. Detailed study of the text. Para 1: What are the two elements that Americans save carefully? 1…no one stands still. Meaning: No one keeps motionless, everyone moves and advances. Stand: v. Keep or stay in a particular position or state. For this sense, “stand ” is followed by adjectives or adjective-like phrases. It is used as a linking verb. --The room stands idle. Still: not moving, calm, quiet --Still waters run deep.流静水深，人静心深。 This word can also be used as a verb with a related meaning. --The food stilled the baby’s cries. fall behind : 1) become bit by bit further behind - fall behind in science- fall behind one’s competitors 2) (with) fail to produce sth. at the proper time -fall behind with the rent --I’m falling behind with my work; I must try to catch up. result in: cause