MIL-HDBK-17-3F Volume 3.Foreword Table of Contents 4.4.3.8.2 Coupons and elements........ 4.4.3.8.3 Subcomponents.… 35 36 4.4.3.8.4 Components... 38 4.4.3.8.5 777 pre-production horizontal stabilizer test................................. 38 4.4.3.86 Fin root attachment test................. 40 4.4.3.8.7 777 horizontal stabilizer tests..40 4.4.3.8.8 777 vertical stabilizer test............. 41 4.4.3.8.9 Future programs. 41 4.4.4 Business and private aircraft............... 41 4.4.4.1 High performance.... .41 4.4.4.1.1 Introduction... 41 4.4.4.1.2 Typical building block program.... 4 4.4.4.2 Lightweight and kit. 46 46 4.4.5 Rotorcratt............................................................................................. 4.4.5.1 Design allowables testing.............. 48 4.4.5.1.1 Airframe...48 4.4.5.1.2 Rotor system..... 48 4.4.5.1.3 Drive system ....................... 49 4.4.5.2 Design development testing. ,50 4.4.5.2.1 Airframe.............. .50 4.4.5.2.2 Rotor SyStem....51 4.4.5.2.3 Drive system... 51 4.4.5.3 Full scale substantiation testing.... 52 4.4.5.3.1 Airframe..… .53 4.4.5.3.2 Rotor system.................... 53 4.4.5.3.3 Drive system. 54 4.4.6 Spacecraft.… .55 4.5 SPECIAL CONSIDERATION AND VARIANCES FOR SPECIFIC PROCESSES AND MATERIAL FORMS...........................55 4.5.1 Room Temperature................... .55 CHAPTER 5 DESIGN AND ANALYSIS.... 1 5.1 INTRODUCTION........ .1 5.2 BASIC LAMINA PROPERTIES AND MICROMECHANICS... 5.2.1 Assumptions .............. 2 5.2.1.1 Material homogeneity 5.2.1.2 Material orthotropy........... 5.2.1.3 Material linearity................... 2 5.2.1.4 Residual stresses............................. 5.2.2 Fiber composites:physical properties...... 2 2 5.2.2.1 Elastic properties... 5.2.2.2 > Viscoelastic properties.. 5.2.2.3 Thermal expansion and moisture swelling.........................................9 5.2.2.4 Thermal conduction and moisture diffusion..... 12 5.2.3 Fiber composites:strength and failure......... .13 5.2.3.1 Axial tensile strength.................................... 14 5.2.3.1.1 Weakest link failure14 5.2.3.1.2 Cumulative weakening failure.............. .14 5.2.3.1.3 Fiber break propagation failure...............................15 5.2.3.1.4 Cumulative group mode failure. 15 5.2.3.2 Axial compressive strength............................ 15 5.2.3.3 Matrix mode strength.. 17 5.2.4 Strength under combined stress...................... …17 5.2.5 Summary21 5.3 ANALYSIS OF LAMINATES........ .21 viiMIL-HDBK-17-3F Volume 3, Foreword / Table of Contents vii 4.4.3.8.2 Coupons and elements ......................................................................... 35 4.4.3.8.3 Subcomponents .................................................................................... 36 4.4.3.8.4 Components.......................................................................................... 38 4.4.3.8.5 777 pre-production horizontal stabilizer test ......................................... 38 4.4.3.8.6 Fin root attachment test ........................................................................ 40 4.4.3.8.7 777 horizontal stabilizer tests................................................................ 40 4.4.3.8.8 777 vertical stabilizer test...................................................................... 41 4.4.3.8.9 Future programs ................................................................................... 41 4.4.4 Business and private aircraft ......................................................................................... 41 4.4.4.1 High performance ............................................................................................ 41 4.4.4.1.1 Introduction ........................................................................................... 41 4.4.4.1.2 Typical building block program.............................................................. 42 4.4.4.2 Lightweight and kit........................................................................................... 46 4.4.5 Rotorcraft ....................................................................................................................... 46 4.4.5.1 Design allowables testing ................................................................................ 48 4.4.5.1.1 Airframe................................................................................................. 48 4.4.5.1.2 Rotor system......................................................................................... 48 4.4.5.1.3 Drive system ......................................................................................... 49 4.4.5.2 Design development testing ............................................................................ 50 4.4.5.2.1 Airframe................................................................................................. 50 4.4.5.2.2 Rotor system......................................................................................... 51 4.4.5.2.3 Drive system ......................................................................................... 51 4.4.5.3 Full scale substantiation testing....................................................................... 52 4.4.5.3.1 Airframe................................................................................................. 53 4.4.5.3.2 Rotor system......................................................................................... 53 4.4.5.3.3 Drive system ......................................................................................... 54 4.4.6 Spacecraft...................................................................................................................... 55 4.5 SPECIAL CONSIDERATION AND VARIANCES FOR SPECIFIC PROCESSES AND MATERIAL FORMS.................................................................................................................. 55 4.5.1 Room Temperature ........................................................................................................ 55 CHAPTER 5 DESIGN AND ANALYSIS................................................................................................ 1 5.1 INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................................ 1 5.2 BASIC LAMINA PROPERTIES AND MICROMECHANICS....................................................... 1 5.2.1 Assumptions .................................................................................................................... 2 5.2.1.1 Material homogeneity ........................................................................................ 2 5.2.1.2 Material orthotropy............................................................................................. 2 5.2.1.3 Material linearity................................................................................................. 2 5.2.1.4 Residual stresses .............................................................................................. 2 5.2.2 Fiber composites: physical properties ............................................................................. 2 5.2.2.1 Elastic properties ............................................................................................... 3 5.2.2.2 Viscoelastic properties....................................................................................... 7 5.2.2.3 Thermal expansion and moisture swelling ........................................................ 9 5.2.2.4 Thermal conduction and moisture diffusion..................................................... 12 5.2.3 Fiber composites: strength and failure ......................................................................... 13 5.2.3.1 Axial tensile strength........................................................................................ 14 5.2.3.1.1 Weakest link failure............................................................................... 14 5.2.3.1.2 Cumulative weakening failure............................................................... 14 5.2.3.1.3 Fiber break propagation failure............................................................. 15 5.2.3.1.4 Cumulative group mode failure............................................................. 15 5.2.3.2 Axial compressive strength.............................................................................. 15 5.2.3.3 Matrix mode strength....................................................................................... 17 5.2.4 Strength under combined stress.................................................................................... 17 5.2.5 Summary........................................................................................................................ 21 5.3 ANALYSIS OF LAMINATES..................................................................................................... 21