冷空间的竞争 In densely populated benthic community. competition for space is likely to be severe, and biotic interactions among algae, and between algae and other groups of organisms like bacteria, fungi seagrasses, grazing animals are more complex Spores(孢子) of seaweeds germinates(萌发) only when they adheres to substrate Crowding lead shading and competition for nutrients and there is an inverse relationship between density and individual size❖ 空间的竞争 In densely populated benthic community, competition for space is likely to be severe, and biotic interactions among algae, and between algae and other groups of organisms like bacteria, fungi, seagrasses, grazing animals are more complex. Spores(孢子) of seaweeds germinates（萌发） only when they adheres to substrate. Crowding lead shading and competition for nutrients and there is an inverse relationship between density and individual size